汽车制造业一线工人职业健康知识和理念知晓情况调查

Survey on awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept among front-line workers in the automotive manufacturing industry

目的了解汽车制造业一线工人职业健康知识和理念知晓情况。方法采用判断抽样方法,选择广东省47家汽车制造企业1188名噪声作业一线工人为研究对象,采用《全国重点人群职业健康素养监测调查个人问卷》调查其职业健康知识和理念知晓情况。结果研究对象职业健康知识和理念知晓率中位数(第25、75百分位数)为56.00%(44.00%,64.00%);其中,男性工人知晓率高于女性(P<0.05);在婚工人知晓率高于其他婚姻状况工人(P<0.05);学历为初中及以下工人知晓率低于高中与大学专科组和大学本科及以上组(P值均<0.05);个人月收入为<5000元工人知晓率低于个人月收入≥5000元的其他2个个人月收入组(P值均<0.05);中型和大型企业工人知晓率均高于小微型企业工人(P值均<0.05);外资企业工人知晓率高于民营企业与其他类型企业工人(P值均<0.05);目前岗位工龄为>5~10和>10年组工人知晓率均高于1~≤5年工龄组(P值均<0.05)。研究对象25道职业健康知识和理念题项的知晓率为6.14%~96.72%;25道题项知晓率平均值为54.46%。结论汽车制造业一线工人对职业健康知识和理念的知晓率总体不高,并受性别、婚姻情况、文化程度、个人月收入、企业性质与规模和工龄的影响。

Objective To investigate the awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of front-line workers in the automobile manufacturing industry.Methods A total of 1188 front-line workers from 47 automobile manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method.The awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of the workers was investigated using the Personal Questionnaire for National Survey of Occupational Health Literacy for Key Populations.Results The median(25th and 75th percentiles)awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept among the research subjects was 56.00%(44.00%,64.00%).The awareness was higher among male workers than female workers(P<0.05).The awareness was higher among married workers than workers with other marital status(P<0.05).The awareness of workers with an education level of middle school or below was lower than those in the senior high school and junior college group and bachelor′s degree or above group(all P<0.05).The awareness of workers in the group with personal monthly income<5000 was lower than that in the other two income groups with personal monthly income≥5000(all P<0.05).The awareness of workers in medium and large enterprises was higher than that of workers in small and micro enterprises(all P<0.05).The awareness of workers in foreign-funded enterprises was higher than that in private enterprises and other enterprises(all P<0.05).The awareness of workers with job tenure>5-10 and>10 years was higher than that in workers with job tenure of 1-≤5 years(P<0.05).The awareness for the 25 items of occupational health knowledge and concept among the research subjects ranged from 6.14%to 96.72%,with an average awareness of 54.46%for the 25 items.Conclusion The awareness of occupational health knowledge and concept of front-line workers in automobile manufacturing industry is not high in general,and it is influenced by gender,marriage status,education level,personal monthly income,enterprise nature and scale,and job tenure.