森林徒步中环境负责任行为的生成机制——基于“具身-嵌入”的认知-情感加工系统

The Generation Mechanism of Environmentally Responsible Behavior in Forest Hiking——A Cognitive Emotional Processing System Based on Embodiment-Embedding

如何激发森林徒步者的环境负责任行为已成为自然保护地管理研究的新焦点。文章基于“具身-嵌入”扩展了认知-情感加工系统理论,提出由游憩者-环境契合度、心流体验、自然共情和环境负责任行为4个变量构成的概念模型,并利用武夷山国家公园森林徒步活动现场收集的341份微观调研数据,实证分析徒步者环境负责任行为生成的认知-情感驱动路径。研究结果发现:(1)森林徒步情境下徒步者心流体验表现出专注的身体参与、忘我与情景融合、感知控制和适应能力、沉浸乐趣刺激和收获、感知时间变化与扭曲等五个方面的具身体验特征;自然共情表现出内在化自然的体验、情感的投射与共鸣、生态自我意识和同理心的扩张四个方面的具身模拟特征。(2)森林徒步中游憩者-环境契合度显著正向影响了心流体验和自然共情,同时也促进了对环境负责任行为的生成。然而,心流体验并不能直接促进环境负责任行为,而是通过强化自然共情进一步激发环境负责任行为,其路径系数为0.55。具有高度的游憩者-环境契合度和自然共情的徒步者更倾向于实施环境负责任行为,其路径系数为0.21。进一步发现,心流体验和自然共情二者在游憩者-环境契合度与环境负责任行为之间形成了链式中介效应,其路径系数为0.22。文章从“具身认知-具身情感-具身模拟”视角拓展了森林徒步者的环境负责任行为生成路径,为国家公园徒步者的环境行为管理提供新的视角和启示。

How to stimulate the environmentally responsible behavior of forest hikers has become a new focus of research on natural reserves management.Based on the"embodiment-embedding"theory,this paper expanded the cognitive emotional processing system theory,and proposed a conceptual model consisting of four variables,namely,recreationist-environment fit,flow experience,empathy with nature,and environmentally responsible behavior.Using 341 micro survey data collected from the forest hiking activities in Wuyishan National Park,this paper empirically analyzed the cognitive emotional driving path of the generation of environmentally responsible behavior of hikers.The results revealed that:(1)Flow experience of hikers in forest hiking scenarios exhibited five embodied characteristics:focused physical participation,selflessness and situational integration,perceptual control and adaptability,immersive pleasure stimulation and harvest,and perception of temporal changes and distortions.Natural empathy exhibits embodied simulation characteristics in four aspects:internalized natural experiences,emotional projection and resonance,ecological self-awareness,and the expansion of empathy.(2)The degree of fit between forest hikers and the environment significantly positively affected the flow experience and natural empathy,while also enhancing the generation of environmentally responsible behavior.However,flow experience couldn't directly promote environmentally responsible behavior,but rather further stimulated environmentally responsible behavior by strengthening natural empathy,with a path coefficient of 0.55.Hikers with a high degree of recreationist-environment fit and natural empathy were more inclined to engage in environmentally responsible behavior,with a path coefficient of 0.21.Furthermore,it was found that the flow experience and natural empathy form a chain mediated effect between the recreationist-environment fit and environmentally responsible behavior,with a path coefficient of 0.22.This study expanded the path of environmentally responsible behavior generation for forest hikers from the perspective of"embodied cognition-embodied emotion-embodied simulation",providing new perspectives and insights for the management of environmental behavior for hikers in national parks.