甘肃省医疗机构就诊患者化妆品不良反应发生现状及影响因素分析

Analysis on the Current Situation and Influencing Factors of Cosmetic Adverse Reactions Among Patients in Hospitals in Gansu Province

目的 探讨甘肃省化妆品不良反应的发生规律和特点,为科学防治化妆品不良反应提供依据和数据支持。方法 采用整群抽样及分层最优比例抽样方法抽取全省二级以上医疗机构219家,在每家医院采用方便抽样抽取皮肤科门诊或相关诊室就诊患者进行问卷调查。分析就诊患者化妆品不良反应发生现状及影响因素。结果 共调查有效就诊患者602例。就诊患者中1周化妆6次及以上的占48.01%,过去1年中发生1次化妆品不良反应的占44.85%,发生2次的占21.26%。不良反应的化妆品类型以护肤用化妆品为主(64.78%),购买主要来源为网店(42.88%)和化妆品专卖店(20.44%),发生时间多在此次调查的半年前(78.28%)。自觉症状以瘙痒(34.17%)和灼热感(21.46%)为主。皮损部位主要位于头面部(77.95%),形态主要是红斑(42.88%)和丘疹(25.03%),医院初步诊断以接触性皮炎(57.48%)居多。52.82%的人会向有关部门上报,报告途径以电话为主(57.14%),化妆品相关知识的认知率偏低。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,化妆品知识的认知度低,使用频率较高,文化水平较高,商业、服务业人员,特殊职业和办事人员,网购化妆品是发生化妆品不良反应的危险因素。结论 就诊患者对化妆品的使用率偏高,而对化妆品相关知识认识不足。应加强普及化妆品安全使用及不良反应知识。监管部门应加强对网购等销售途径来源化妆品的质量监管,提高公众科学、安全使用化妆品意识。

Objective To explore the occurrence regularity and characteristics of adverse reactions of cosmetics in Gansu province provide scientific prevention and control of cosmetics,provide evidence and data support for adverse product reactions.Methods Cluster sampling and stratified optimal proportion sampling method were used to select 219 hospitals above the second level in Gansu province.Patients in dermatology clinics or related clinics were conveniently selected from each hospital for questionnaire survey.Descriptive statistical method was used to analyze the current situation of cosmetic adverse reactions in patients,and multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of cosmetic adverse reactions.Results A total of 602 effective patients were investigated.In the past year,48.01%of the patients had cosmetics 6 or more times a week,44.85%had cosmetic adverse reactions once,and 21.26%had cosmetic adverse reactions twice.The types of cosmetics that have adverse reactions were mainly skin cosmetics(64.78%),mainly from online stores(42.88%)and cosmetics specialty stores(20.44%).Most of the adverse reactions occurred six months before the survey(78.28%).The subjective symptoms were mainly itching(34.17%)and burning sensation(21.46%).The skin lesions were mainly located on the head and face(77.95%),and the forms were mainly erythema(42.88%)and papules(25.03%).The initial diagnosis in the hospital was mostly contact dermatitis(57.48%).52.82%of the people will report to the relevant departments,and the reporting method was mainly by telephone(57.14%),and the awareness rate of cosmetics-related knowledge was low.The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that low awareness of cosmetic knowledge,high frequency of use,high educational level,business,service industry,special occupations and office staff,and online shopping of cosmetics were the risk factors for adverse cosmetic reactions.Conclusion The usage rate of cosmetics among patients is high,and the knowledge about cosmetics is insufficient.We should strengthen the popularization of knowledge about the safe use and adverse reactions of cosmetics.Regulatory authorities should strengthen the quality supervision of cosmetics from online shopping and other sales channels,and improve the public's awareness of scientific and safe use of cosmetics.