分子设计育种在棉花中的应用进展与展望

Application and prospect of molecular design breeding in cotton

棉花是我国重要的经济作物和纺织原料,在国民经济发展中具有不可替代的地位。新中国成立以来,棉花常规育种取得了一系列重大成就。随着测序技术、多组学研究以及基因编辑技术的发展,精准、高效的分子设计育种已成为棉花育种的发展方向。文章综述了棉花生产的发展现状,回顾了育种发展历程以及棉花分子设计育种在基因组学研究、纤维发育、抗病和重要性状分子模块挖掘方面取得的进展,并展望了未来分子设计育种的发展方向和路径。

Cotton is an important cash crop and main raw materials for textile industry,which plays a critical role in economic development of China.Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China,traditional breeding technology has made a great contribution to improve cotton production.With the advancement of sequencing technology,multi-omics research,and gene editing techniques,precise and efficient molecular design breeding has become an inevitable direction for cotton breeding.This review summarizes the present status of cotton production,the history of breeding development,and the achievements of molecular design breeding in genomic research,fiber development,disease resistance and mining of the molecular module of important traits,and proposes directions and path for the future cotton breeding.