高质量发展背景下我国西部地区高校科研效率及其影响因素——基于超效率DEA视窗-Malmquist-Tobit模型

Scientific Research Efficiency and Influencing Factors of Universities in Western China Under the Perspective of High-quality Development Based on Super-efficiency DEA Window-Malmquist-Tobit Model

以2010—2020年我国西部11个省区为研究对象,运用超效率DEA视窗-Malmquist-Tobit模型测算我国西部地区省际科研效率。结果表明,2020年西部科研效率有所提升,东、中部地区有所下降,且西部地区科研效率高于东、中部地区。相比2010年,综合效率和技术效率有效地区数均有所增长,但是规模效率均未达到有效状态;动态效率分析显示,西部地区科研效率变化呈现“M”型波动趋势,受政策影响较为明显。5个省区全要素生产效率大于1,新疆、宁夏等地高校科研效率的下降低主要源于技术进步效率降低;影响因素分析表明,人力资源处于“丰裕”状态,政府支持、人口聚集程度与其呈现显著正相关。因此,可以通过提升人力资本质量、优化科研经费投入与分配管理机制以及推动集群化发展来提升我国西部高校科研效率。

Taking 11 provinces and regions in western China from 2010 to 2020 as the research object,the superefficiency DEA Window-Malmquist-Tobit model was used to calculate the inter-provincial scientific research eficiency of universities in western China.The results show that the scientific research eficiency in the three major regions was significantly improved in 2020,and the scientific research efficiency in the western regions was higher than that in the central and eastern regions.Compared with 2010,the number of effective areas with comprehensive efficiency and technical efficiency has increased,but the scale efficiency has not reached the effective state.The dynamic efficiency analysis shows that the change of scientific research efficiency in the western region presents a"M"type fluctuation trend,which is obviously affected by the policy.The total factor production efficiency of 5 provinces and regions is greater than 1,and the reduction of scientific research eficiency in universities in Xinjang and Ningxia is mainly due to the reduced efficiency of technological progress.The influencing factors analysis shows that human resources are in a state of"redundancy",and government support,regional economic structure and population aggregation are significantly positively correlated with scientific research eficiency.Therefore,the efficiency of scientific research can be improved by improving the quality of human capital,optimizing the management mechanism of the investment and allocation of scientific research funds,and promoting the development of higher education clusters.