人工智能算法技术异化研究框架的整合构建——“内涵特征——异化归因——算法治理”的逻辑视角

Integration and Construction of Algorithmic Technology Alienation Research Framework of Artificial Intelligence Based on the Perspective of"Connotation Characteristics-Alienation Attribution-Algorithm Governance"Logic

对从Web of Science和中国知网核心数据库检索得到的2013—2022年间252篇国内外有关算法技术异化的文献,通过文献计量方法提炼出其“内涵特征—异化归因—算法治理”的逻辑框架,系统梳理出其整合性的研究框架。结果显示,算法概念主要有广义、狭义以及中义3个层面,技术异化则主要从技术非中立以及对人的负面效应两个角度进行考察;异化归因从主体维度主要包括社会范畴化、算法“黑箱”效应、非人性化以及挖掘敏感属性等主流原因,从交互维度则主要包括数据的社会性、操作的干预性、应用的市场化等;而算法治理可大致划分为算法技术本身的完善、国家法律层面的规制问责,企业层面的社会责任履行以及社会生态各主体的共同治理。由此,基于“What/Why/How”3个经典问题总结出算法技术异化的整体研究框架,并给出未来在技术向善、算法企业责任范式进阶、合力治理等三方面的重点研究方向。

252 domestic and international literature on algorithmic alienation retrieved from the core databases of Web of Science and China Knowledge Network from 2013 to 2022 were bibliometrically extracted to form a logical framework of"connotation,attribution,and governance of algorithm".Through the bibliometric method,we extracted the logical framework of"connotation characteristics-alienation attribution-algorithm governance",and systematically sorted out its integrated research framework.The results show that:the concept of algorithm has three dimensions:broad,narrow and medium,and technological alienation is mainly examined from the perspectives of technological non-neutrality and negative effects on human beings;alienation attribution from the subject dimension mainly includes mainstream reasons such as social categorization,algorithmic"black box"efect,dehumanization,and mining of sensitive attributes,while from the interaction dimension mainly includes the social nature of the data,intervention of the operation,and the marketization of the application;and the governance of algorithm can be broadly divided into the improvement of algorithm technology itself,the regulation and accountability at the national legal level,the fulfllment of social responsibility at the enterprise level,and the common governance of the subjects in the social ecology.As a result,the overall research framework of algorithmic technology alienation is summarized based on the three classic questions of"What/Why/How",and the future research directions are given in the areas of technology for social good,algorithmic corporate responsibility paradigm advancement,and collaborative governance.