农业文化遗产地旅游扰动与社区韧性耦合协调关系研究——以云南哈尼梯田为例

Coupling Coordination Evaluation and Obstacle Factors Analysis of Tourism Disturbance and Community Resilience in Agricultural Heritage Site:A Case Study of Hani Terraces

近年来,农业文化遗产地旅游发展迅速。农业文化遗产作为一种特殊的活态遗产和旅游资源类型,具有生态脆弱和文化敏感等特点,旅游活动在某种意义上对农业文化遗产是一种强烈的人为扰动,如果管理不善,可能会产生严重负面影响。文章以云南哈尼梯田为例,选取不同旅游发展程度的阿者科、普高老寨、大鱼塘、箐口、勐品和胜村6个村寨,基于系统论理论将哈尼梯田遗产地旅游扰动与社区韧性看作是一个整体,构建农业文化遗产地旅游扰动与社区韧性指标体系,运用熵值法、耦合协调度模型评价两者的关系,应用障碍度模型识别关键影响因素。结果表明:(1)哈尼梯田遗产地具备较强的社区韧性水平,旅游发展程度越高,社区韧性总体水平相对越高,旅游扰动相对越弱;(2)遗产地旅游扰动与社区韧性的耦合度处于高耦合水平阶段,耦合协调类型为勉强协调、旅游扰动滞后型,遗产地旅游发展并未产生威胁到社区韧性系统的破坏性扰动;(3)旅游发展程度不同,影响两者协调关系的因素也有所差异。该研究对哈尼梯田未来旅游发展提供相关启示,有助于推动哈尼梯田遗产地旅游可持续发展。

In recent years,the rapid development of tourism at agricultural heritage sites has not only driven local economic development but has also posed challenges for the protection of these sites.As a special type of living heritage and tourism resource,agricultural heritage systems are characterized by their high levels of vulnerability and sensitivity.Tourism in agricultural heritage systems can become a means of dynamic protection for sites,but it also tends to generate significant levels of artificial disturbance.If not properly managed,it can have a serious negative effects.This paper investigates the Hani terraces of Yunnan by looking at different levels of tourism development.Specifically,it looks at six well-known villages—Pugaolaozhai,Dayutang,Shengcun,Mengpin,Azheke,and Qingkou—and applies systems theory to investigate the relationship between the disturbance caused by tourism to Hani terrace heritage sites and community resilience.The paper also constructs an index system to measure the disturbance caused by tourism to agricultural heritage site and community resilience.First,the entropy weights method is used to measure the index weights and develop a comprehensive index for the two systems.Second,the coupling coordination degree model is used to judge the coupling coordination relationship and the stage of development of the relationship between tourism disturbance and community resilience in the Hani terrace areas.The results showed that(1)the Hani terraces heritage sites currently possess a strong community resilience level,the higher the degree of tourism development,community overall level is relatively higher toughness,the tourism disturbance is relatively weaker;(2)At present,the coupling degree between tourism disturbance and community resilience of Hani terraces heritage sites is at a high coupling level,and the coupling coordination type is barely coordinated and tourism disturbance lags behind.The current tourism development of heritage sites does not produce destructive disturbances that threaten the community resilience system;(3)At different stages of tourism development,factors affecting the coordination between the both are also different.This paper attempts to judge the current development level of the relationship between tourism disturbance and community resilience of heritage sites and to seek a win-win scheme for mutual promotion of the protection and development of heritage sites to provide some enlightenment for the future tourism development of Hani terrace heritage sites and for sustainable tourism development at agricultural heritage sites.