镓基液态金属在电热力学领域的研究进展与展望

Research Progress and Prospect of Gallium-Based Liquid Metals in Electrical-Thermal-Mechanics Field

液态金属兼顾液体和金属的特性,其研究与应用在工学各领域兴起.镓基液态金属常温下呈液态,具有高沸点、高电导率、高热导率、安全无毒等优良特性,在电学、热学、力学和生物医疗等诸多领域取得了广泛的应用.目前,镓基液态金属已成为前沿研究热点.通过综合对比国内外研究现状,介绍镓基液态金属的制备方法及其性能改善的措施,分析几种典型镓基液态金属的理化性质,总结镓基液态金属在电力设备、柔性电子、电源储能、散热冷却、载流摩擦、极压润滑等应用领域的功能原理与研究进展,并提出其未来研究重点.基于镓基液态金属合金的特性,对其在材料改性、新型电子器件、太阳能电池、轨道交通、电磁弹射等领域具有的应用潜力进行分析和展望.

Liquid metal takes into account the characteristics of both liquid and metal,and it is increasingly studied and applied in various fields of engineering.Gallium-based liquid metal is liquid at room temperature,with a high boiling point,high electrical conductivity,high thermal conductivity,safety,non-toxicity,and other excellent characteristics,and it has been widely used in many fields such as electricity,heat,mechanics,and biomedicine.At present,gallium-based liquid metals have become a frontier research hotspot.By comprehensively comparing the research status in China and abroad,the preparation methods and performance improvement measures of gallium-based liquid metals were introduced,and the physical and chemical properties of several typical gallium-based liquid metals were analyzed.The functional principles and research progress of gallium-based liquid metals in the fields of power equipment,flexible electronics,power storage,heat dissipation cooling,current-carrying friction,and extreme pressure lubrication were summarized,and its future research focus was put forward.Based on the characteristics of gallium-based liquid metals,their potential applications in material modification,new electronic devices,solar cells,rail transit,electromagnetic ejection,and other fields were analyzed and prospected.