基于文献计量学的农业种植环境中抗生素抗性基因的研究进展

Research Progress on Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Agricultural Planting Environment Based on Bibliometrics

抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)已发展成为一类对人体健康和生态环境造成极大威胁的新污染物.研究表明ARGs会随着农产品等通过食物链进入畜禽动物或人体内,造成较大健康风险,然而目前关于农业种植环境中ARGs的系统研究仍明显不足.该文采用文献计量学方法,系统分析了近5年农业环境中ARGs的相关研究进展,并对其污染来源、赋存形态、迁移风险、影响因素和控制措施等进行了系统深入的研究.结果表明:农业环境中ARGs相关研究较少且不聚焦,有机肥/粪肥施用、生产生活污水灌溉、杀菌剂应用等生产方式导致农业种植环境中ARGs不断累积,逐渐成为抗生素耐药性发展的新兴属地.农业种植环境中,ARGs主要赋存于胞内DNA(iDNA)、胞外DNA(eDNA)、可移动遗传元件(MGEs)和胞外聚合物(EPS),eDNA的广泛分布和EPS的稳定性导致ARGs持续积累.ARGs的水平转移和扩散风险主要归因于MGEs的迁移、iDNA的细菌间转导、eDNA的自然转化和EPS的物质交换等过程,并受不同农地利用模式下土壤理化性质、养分状态、抗生素及其他污染物等多重因素的影响,土壤盐渍化、养分和污染物富集等过程会加剧抗生素耐药性传播风险.堆肥发酵和有机碳添加是控制抗生素耐药性扩散的主要方式,但其主要通过降解或吸附抗生素削减ARGs的产生,难以满足土壤环境中大量ARGs积累下的控制需求.建议进一步研究农业环境中ARGs的演变特征,综合评估其生态健康风险,并采取源头控制、营养优化和污染物修复等措施削弱抗生素、污染物和养分变化对细菌的胁迫,抑制环境中ARGs的累积和迁移扩散.

Antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs),as emerging contaminants,pose a huge threat to human health and the ecological environment.It has been confirmed that ARGs can enter livestock and humans through the food chain along with agricultural products,causing greater health risks.However,there is still insufficient systematic research on ARGs in agricultural planting environment.This paper is based on bibliometrics and systematically summarizes the research progress of ARGs in agricultural environment in the past 5 years,and a systematic and in-depth study is performed on the pollution sources,occurrence forms,migration risks,influencing factors and control measures of ARGs.The result showed that there is little research on ARGs in the agricultural environments and a lack of focus.The application of organic fertilizers/manure,irrigation with production and domestic sewage,and the use of disinfectants all contributed to the accumulation of ARGs in agricultural planting environments,becoming an emerging reservoir for the development of antibiotic resistance.In agricultural planting environments,the ARGs mainly existed in intracellular DNA(iDNA),extracellular DNA(eDNA),mobile genetic elements(MGEs),and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS).The widespread distribution of eDNA and stable exchange of EPS facilitated the accumulation of ARGs.The migration risk of ARGs in agricultural planting environments,known as horizontal gene transfer(HGT),is mainly attributed to the processes such as MGE migration,inter-bacterial transfer of iDNA,natural transformation of eDNA,and EPS exchange.These processes are influenced by various factors such as soil physicochemical properties,nutrient elements,antibiotics,and other pollutants under different agricultural land use patterns.Additionally,soil salinization,nutrient and pollutant enrichment in agricultural planting environments can exacerbate the risk of the spread of antibiotic resistance.Currently,composting fermentation and organic carbon addition are the main methods to control the spread of antibiotic resistance,but these methods mainly reduce the production of ARGs by degrading and adsorbing antibiotics,which is insufficient to meet the demand for reducing the accumulation of ARGs in the soil environments.It is recommended to further study the evolutionary characteristics of ARGs in agricultural environments and conduct comprehensive risk assessment.Measures such as source control,nutrient optimization,and pollutant remediation should be taken to enhance soil stability,reduce the bacterial stress caused by changes in antibiotics,pollutants and nutrients,and inhibit the accumulation,migration and diffusion of ARGs in agricultural environment.