VIS+AI: integrating visualization with artificial intelligence for efficient data analysis

Visualization and artificial intelligence(AI)are well-applied approaches to data analysis.On one hand,visualization can facilitate humans in data understanding through intuitive visual representation and interactive exploration.On the other hand,AI is able to learn from data and implement bulky tasks for humans.In complex data analysis scenarios,like epidemic traceability and city planning,humans need to understand large-scale data and make decisions,which requires complementing the strengths of both visualization and AI.Existing studies have introduced AI-assisted visualization as AI4VIS and visualization-assisted AI as VIS4AI.However,how can AI and visualization complement each other and be integrated into data analysis processes are still missing.In this paper,we define three integration levels of visualization and AI.The highest integration level is described as the framework of VIS+AI,which allows AI to learn human intelligence from interactions and communicate with humans through visual interfaces.We also summarize future directions of VIS+AI to inspire related studies.