上海化学工业区职业人群职业健康素养状况及相关因素分析

Survey on the occupational health literacy of workers in Shanghai Chemical Industry Park

目的 了解上海化学工业区职业人群对职业健康素养知识水平,为开展“健康企业”和“健康园区”建设及健康促进工作提供科学依据。方法 2021年7月—2022年9月,采用分层随机抽样的方法对上海化学工业区中23家企业1 921名劳动者进行职业健康素养调查。结果 1 921名劳动者职业健康素养水平为58.77%,职业健康保护基本技能内容知晓率低(10.20%)。多因素分析显示行业和文化程度是职业健康素养的影响因素(P <0.05),其中相对于初中及以下学历,高中/职高/中专、大专、大学本科及以上学历劳动者的职业健康素养水平分别提高至1.813(95%CI:1.315~2.500)、2.764(95%CI:2.004~3.183)、7.174(95%CI:5.072~10.147)倍;电力、热力、燃气及水生产和供应业以及其他行业劳动者的职业健康素养水平是化学原料和化学制品制造业的0.421(95%CI:0.334~0.530)和0.595(95%CI:0.450~0.787)倍;提高职业健康知识有助于员工提高职业健康保护基本技能、健康工作方式和行为知晓率(OR=2.173~4.459,P <0.05)。结论 上海化学工业区职业人群的职业健康素养知识处于中等水平,应重点加强文化程度低及化学原料和化学制品制造业以外行业的企业职业人群的职业健康培训。

Objective To understand the occupational health literacy among workers in Shanghai Chemical Industrial Park(SCIP),to provide a scientific basis for the construction of“healthy enterprises”and“healthy parks,”and to improve health promotion work in SCIP.Methods From July 2021 to September 2022,a stratified random sampling method was used to conduct an occupational health literacy survey among 1921 workers from 23 enterprises in SPIC.Results The level of occupational health literacy of 1921 workers was 58.77%,and the awareness rate of basic skills for occupational health protection was low(10.20%).Multivariate analysis showed that industry and education level were influencing factors of occupational health literacy(P<0.05).Compared with the workers with junior high school and below,the levels of occupational health literacy of workers with high school,vocational high school and secondary school,junior college,and bachelor degree and above were increased to 1.813(95%CI:1.315-2.500),2.764(95%CI:2.004-3.183),and 7.174(95%CI:5.072-10.147)times,respectively.The levels of occupational health literacy of workers in electricity,heat,gas,and water production and supply and other industries were 0.421(95%CI:0.334-0.530)and 0.595(95%CI:0.450-0.787)times that of those in chemical raw materials and chemical products manufacturing industries,respectively.Improving occupational health knowledge helps employees have better basic occupational health protection skills,healthy working styles,and a higher awareness rate of behaviors(OR=2.173-4.459,P<0.05).Conclusions The workers in Shanghai Chemical Industrial Park had a moderate level of occupational health literacy.The improvement work should focus on strengthening the occupational health training of workers with low education levels and workers in the non-chemical rawmaterials and non-chemical products manufacturing industry.