2021年河南省开封市PM2.5中多环芳烃的季节分布特征和来源解析及健康风险评价

Seasonal distribution characteristics,source analysis and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM2s in Kaifeng,Henan,2021

目的研究开封市PM2.5中多环芳烃(PAHs)的季节分布特征和潜在污染来源,并评估PAHs对人群的潜在健康风险。方法2020年12月至2021年11月,每月定期采集PM2.5样本,高效液相色谱仪(HPLC)测定16种PAHs的浓度,利用特征比值和正定因子矩阵模型(PMF)方法,分析组分特征并推测潜在污染源。此外,采用苯并[a]芘(BaP)毒性等效浓度法(BaPTEQ)及累计终生癌症风险(ILCR)模型评估健康风险。结果开封市PM2.5中ρ(ΣPAHs)的浓度范围为0.15~83.23 ng·m^(-3),4环的PAHs占比最高。经特征比值判断,PM2.5中PAHs受机动车排放、石油排放、燃煤和生物质燃烧等的综合影响,PMF模型显示,PAHs可以识别5种来源,贡献率交通排放(80.1%)>生物质和天燃气燃烧(14.4%)>燃煤排放(3.8%)>柴油燃烧源(1.2%)>汽油燃烧源(0.7%)。ILCR模型显示,开封市全年成人和儿童的ILCR平均值分别为(4.59±5.65)×10^(-6)和(1.21±1.49)×10^(-6),冬季ILCR值约为秋季的2倍、春季的5倍、夏季的10倍。结论在目前的PM2.5中多环芳烃水平下,居民存在潜在的致癌风险,主要污染来源于交通排放。

Objective To study the seasonal distribution characteristics and potential pollution sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs)in PM2s in Kaifeng city,and assess the potential health risks of PAHs.Methods From December 2020 to November 2021,samples were regularly collected every month;the concentrations of 16 PAHs were determined by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),Characteristic ratio and positive definite factor matrix model(PMF)were used to analyze component characteristics and speculate potential pllution sources.In addition,benzo[alpyrene(BaP)toxic equivalent concentration method(BaPro)and individual lifetime cancer risk(ILCR)model were used to assess health risks.Results The concentration range of p(ZPAHs)in PM2.s was from 0.15-83.23 ng·m^(3),and the proportion of PAHs with 4 rings was the highest.According to the characteristic ratio,PAHs in PM2.5 are affected by the comprehensive effects of motor vehicle emissions,oil emissions,coal combustion and biomass combustion,and the PMF model indicated that PAHs was able to identify five sources,including contribution rate:transportation emissions(80.1%)>biomass and natural gas combustion(14.4%)>coal-fired emissions(3.8%)>diesel combustion sources(1.2%)>gasoline combustion sources(0.7%).The ILCR model showed that the average ILCR values of adults and children in Kaifeng city were(4.59±5.65)×10^(-6),(1.21±1.49)×10^(-6),respectively,and the ILCR value in winter was about twice as high as that in autumn,5 times as high as that in spring,and 10 times as high as that in summer.Conclusions Under the current PM2s level of PAHs.,the residents in Kaifeng have a potential carcinogenic risk,and the main pollution comes from traffic emissions.