天津市北辰区24930名7~12岁儿童屈光不正现况调查

A cross-sectional survey on refractive errors in children aged 7-12 years in Beichen district of Tianjin

目的调查天津市北辰区7~12岁儿童屈光不正的检出率,了解学龄儿童屈光状态变化情况。方法基于整群抽样的横断面研究设计,对2020年天津市北辰区38所7~12岁在校小学生进行眼部屈光状态检查,了解其屈光发育情况。结果天津市北辰区24930名7~12岁儿童近视检出率为34.94%,其中女生为36.09%,高于男生的33.77%(χ^(2)=14.741,P<0.001);远视检出率为23.72%,其中男生为25.14%,高于女生的22.32%(χ^(2)=27.296,P<0.001);散光检出率为29.78%,其中男生为31.73%,高于女生的27.85%(χ^(2)=44.821,P<0.001)。随着年龄的增加,近视检出率逐渐增加(13.79%~57.65%)(χ^(2)_(趋势)=3449.659,P<0.001),而远视检出率逐渐下降(35.70%~13.00%)(χ^(2)_(趋势)=1158.770,P<0.001),散光检出率与年龄无关(χ^(2)=5.557,P>0.05)。结论天津市北辰区7~12岁学生近视、远视和散光检出率均处于较高水平,屈光不正状况不容乐观,近视已成为当今亟待解决的社会问题,需开展有针对性的综合防控措施。

Objective To investigate the detection rate of refractive errors in children aged 7-12 in Beichen district,Tianjin,and understand the changes in refractive status of school-age children.Methods Based on the cross-sectional study design of cluster sampling,24930 pupils aged 7-12 years from 38 schools in Beichen district of Tianjin in 2020 were screened for ocular refractive status to understand their refractive development.Results The overall detection rate of myopia in children aged 7-12 in Beichen district,Tianjin was 34.94%;it was higher in girls(36.09%)than that in boys(33.77%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)2=14.741,P<0.001).The overall detection rate of hyperopia was 23.72%;it was higher in boys(25.14%)than that in girls(22.32%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=-27.296,P<0.001).The detection rate of astigmatism was 29.78%;it were higher in boys(31.73%)than that in girls(27.85%),and the dfference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=44.821,P<0.001).With age increasing,the detection rate of myopia gradually increased(13.79%-57.65%)(Xium=3449.659,P<0.001),while the detection rate of hyperopia gradually decreased(35.70%-13.00%)(χ^(2)=1158.770,P<0.001).The detection rate of astigmatism was not associated with age(χ^(2)=5.557,P>0.05).Conclusions The detection rate of myopia,hyperopia and astigmatism in children aged 7-12 years in Beichen district,Tianjin is at a high level.The situation of refractive error is not optimistic.Myopia has become a social problem that needs to be solved urgently,and targeted comprehensive prevention and control measures need to be carried out.