放牧和舍饲对肉羊生长、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响

Effect of grazing and house-feeding on growth,slaughter performance and meat quality of mutton sheep

试验旨在研究放牧和舍饲对肉羊生长、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。试验挑选24只健康无病、体重(20.0±2.2)kg杜寒杂交肉羊,随机分为放牧组和舍饲组,每组12个重复,每个重复1只羊,公、母各半。放牧组肉羊以柏籽和柏树叶作为主要饲料,适当补饲基础日粮,舍饲组肉羊在基础日粮中添加30%柏籽。预试期为15 d,正式试验期为90 d。结果显示,舍饲组肉羊的末重和平均日增重极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01),总增重显著高于放牧组(P<0.05)。舍饲组肉羊宰前活重、胴体重、净肉率、屠宰率均显著或极显著高于放牧组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。舍饲组羊肉的失水率和蒸煮损失率显著高于放牧组(P<0.05),放牧组羊肉的pH_(24 h)值显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05)。放牧组羊肉中的天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸和丝氨酸含量显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05)。舍饲组羊肉中的丙氨酸、缬氨酸和赖氨酸含量显著高于放牧组(P<0.05),甘氨酸含量极显著高于放牧组(P<0.01)。放牧组羊肉的色泽、香气、滋味、总分均显著高于舍饲组(P<0.05)。研究表明,舍饲的饲养模式改善了肉羊的育肥增重效果,提高了肉羊的屠宰性能,放牧饲养模式在一定程度上改善了羊肉风味,提升了羊肉的品质。

The experiment was to study the effect of grazing and house-feeding on growth,slaughter performance and meat quality of mutton sheep.A total of 24 healthy and disease-free Duhan hybrid mutton sheep with a body weight(20.0±2.2)kg were randomly divided into grazing group and house-feeding group,with 12 replicates per group and one sheep per replicate,half in male and half in female.The sheep in the grazing group were fed a diet primarily composed of cypress seeds and cypress leaves,with the appropriate amount of basic diet.The sheep in the house-feeding group were fed a 30%cypress seeds in the basic diet.The pre-feeding period was 15 days and the formal period was 90 days.The results showed that the final weight and average daily gain of the mutton sheep in the house-feeding group were extremely higher than those in the grazing group(P<0.01),and the total weight gain was significantly higher than that in the grazing group(P<0.05).The live weight before slaughter,carcass weight,net meat percentage and dressing percentage of mutton sheep in the house-feeding group were significantly or extremely higher than those in the grazing group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The water loss rate and cooking loss rate of mutton in the house-feeding group were significantly higher than those in the grazing group(P<0.05),and the pH_(24 h) value of mutton in the grazing group was significantly higher than that in the house-feeding group(P<0.05).The content of aspartic acid,glutamic acid,leucine,phenylalanine,histidine,threonine and serine in the grazing group was significantly higher than those in the house-feeding group(P<0.05).The content of alanine,valine and lysine in mutton sheep in the house-feeding group was significantly higher than those in the grazing group(P<0.05),and the content of glycine was extremely higher than that in the grazing group(P<0.01).The color,aroma,taste and total score of mutton in the grazing group were significantly higher than those in the house-feeding group(P<0.05).The study indicates the house-feeding mode can improve the fatten and weight gain effect of mutton sheep,and improve the slaughtering performance of mutton sheep.The grazing feeding mode can improve the flavor and quality of mutton to a certain extent.