微量元素铬的作用机制及其在奶牛生产中的应用

Mechanism of action of trace element chromium and its application in dairy cow production

铬是动物机体必需的微量元素之一,在动物机体代谢中起着重要作用,铬在体内主要以三价铬形式存在。铬作为葡萄糖耐受因子(GTF)的组成部分,可促进胰岛素功能的发挥,参与机体糖、脂、核酸与蛋白代谢,降低血糖和脂肪沉积,维持RNA结构完整性,促进氨基酸吸收和转运。铬广泛应用于畜禽生产,在调节机体稳态、改善畜禽应激等方面具有良好作用。在奶牛生产方面,铬能够调控奶牛瘤胃pH值、氨态氮(NH_(3)-N)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度;缓解奶牛热应激,增强奶牛免疫力;通过血糖调节改善奶牛产后能量负平衡,促进奶牛产后恢复;调控奶牛生殖激素水平,提高奶牛的繁殖性能。文章结合铬的生物学机制,综述铬在调控瘤胃发酵、改善奶牛生产和繁殖性能等方面的应用,为铬高效地在奶牛生产中的应用提供参考。

Chromium is a necessary trace element for livestock and plays an important role in animal metabolism,which mainly exists in the form of trivalent chromium.As a component of glucose tolerance factor(GTF),it is to promote the function of insulin,participate in the metabolism of glucose,lipid,nucleic acid and protein.It can lower blood sugar,reduce fat deposition,maintain RNA structural integrity,and promote amino acid absorption and transport.Chromium is widely used in livestock production,and it has a good effect on regulating organism homeostasis and alleviating animal stress.In dairy cow production,chromium can regulate rumen pH value,the concentration of ammonia nitrogen(NH_(3)-N)and volatile fatty acid(VFA).It can relieve heat stress,enhance the immunity of dairy cows,improve postpartum negative energy balance and promote postpartum recovery of dairy cows through blood sugar regulation.The reproductive performance of dairy cows is affected by regulating reproductive hormone levels.Based on the biological mechanism of chromium,the paper reviews the application of chromium in regulating rumen fermentation,improving the production and reproductive performance of dairy cows,to provide a reference for efficient application of chromium in dairy cow production.