妊娠期人类免疫缺陷病毒感染管理及母婴阻断

Management of HIV infection during pregnancy and mother-to-child block

人类免疫缺陷病毒-1型(HIV-1型)是中国孕产妇HIV感染的主要病毒类型,可导致母婴间垂直传播和不良妊娠结局风险的增加。规范HIV感染孕妇围产期管理是有效母婴阻断的关键。在妊娠女性中应尽早普及HIV筛查,对于阳性患者应当立即开始联合抗反转录病毒治疗(cART),定期监测病毒载量,依据病毒载量决定分娩方式及时机,安全助产。对于存在HIV暴露风险的新生儿,应当预防性使用抗病毒药物,尽量避免母乳喂养。

HIV-1,the human immunodeficiency virus type 1,is the main virus type responsible for HIV in⁃fections in pregnant women in China.It can lead to vertical transmission from mothers to children and increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Standardized management of HIV-infected pregnant women during the perinatal period is crucial for ef⁃fective prevention of mother-to-child transmission.HIV screening should be promoted early in the preg⁃nant population,and for positive patients,combined antiretroviral therapy(c ART)should be initiated im⁃mediately.Viral load should be regularly monitored,and the mode and timing of delivery should be determined based on viral load.Prophylactic use of antivirus drugs and avoiding breastfeeding should be implemented for newborns at risk of HIV exposure.