数字技术如何影响劳动力跨境流动?:来自中国对外劳务输出的经验证据

How Can Digital Technologies affect Cross-border Flow of Labor?:An Empirical Evidence based on China's Labor Service Export

全球数字技术的日新月异和网络互联的日益加深为劳动力要素跨境流动提供公开透明、广阔庞大机会的同时,也形成了限制较少、高效便捷的“线上转移”新渠道。文章以2011~2021年86个中国对外劳务输出的东道国(地区)为研究样本,立足于中国对外劳务输出的数据事实,基于移动电话普及率、中国和东道国双边网址数量的视角,系统全面地考察数字技术对劳动力跨境流动以及其配置效率的影响效应。研究表明:第一,东道国的数字技术通过“信息平台效应”“业态创新效应”“时空压缩效应”对中国对外劳务输出规模产生普遍且稳健的促进效应;第二,数字技术依托中国向东道国的数字可交付服务出口途径,对劳务合作项目下劳动力跨境流动呈现出“线上转移效应”;第三,东道国数字技术有利于提高中国对外劳务输出,尤其是对外工程承包领域的综合效益和效率质量。文章提出,应重视数字技术的自主研发和网络空间国际规范标准的构建完善,追踪把握国际劳务合作新内容、新趋势,加速推动服务业的数字化转型和数字服务贸易竞争优势的切实提升。

Rapid development of digital technologies and deepened Internet interconnection around the world has offered increasing opportunities with greater equality and better transparency,while has also created a new"online-transferring"path where less barriers and higher efficiency exist,for the cross-border flow of labor.Data of 86 destination countries and regions of China's labor service export spanning from 2011 to 2021 is served as sample of this article,which aims at discovering how digital technologies can affect the cross-border flow of labor and its efficiency,based on the statistical evidence of China's labor service export,and from the perspective of both subscription ratio of mobile phones as well as the bilateral hyperlinks.The results shows that:digital technologies in the destination countries and regions have influenced the China's labor service export in a significantly and prevailingly positive way,through several effects of"information platform","mode innovation"and"time and distance compression".Digital technologies in the destination countries and regions are likely to transfer actual labor flow to online market space,which,though,is not significantly obvious as for the labor service apart from project contracting.The boosting effect of digital technologies may exert on the improvement of efficiency as well as value-adding of labor service export,especially of project contracting.Thus,more attention to self-innovation of digital technologies and attempt of establishing better international norms of Internet space should be given,new forms,types and trend of labor service export and cross-border flow of labor have to be focused on and be kept up with,and greater achievements of digitalization of China's service industry together with digital service trade need to be attained.