公共卫生数据共享中的风险预防原则及其适用

Risk prevention principle of public health data sharing and its application

数据共享是建设"健康中国"的基础工作,也是完善我国医疗卫生服务体系的技术支撑,对政府、社会和个人均具有重要意义。公共卫生数据是指收集、连接、读取和储存于数字化平台,用于研究、监测、预防和控制疾病、卫生事件以及卫生系统运行情况的各种数据。我国公共卫生数据共享已经初步形成"四化"的发展格局,为大力推进数据共享提供了基本条件和实践基础。在实现数据共享的过程中,风险预防原则应该得到充分的考虑和确立,这包括确立一系列措施以平衡不同主体以及不同情形下的法律保障和利益保护,即数据类型化以规范数据权利和访问权限,建设统一的公共卫生数据共享平台,以及持续完善公共卫生数据共享机制等。同时,还应制定合适的数据使用政策和安全措施,确保数据的隐私和安全性。

Data sharing is the fundamental work for building a"Healthy China"and a technical support for improving China′s healthcare service system.It is of great significance to the government,society,and individuals.In the digital era,public health data could be referred to various data collected,connected,read,and stored on digital platforms for research,monitoring,prevention,and control of diseases,health events,and the operation of health systems.China′s public health data sharing has initially formed a development pattern of"four modernizations",providing basic conditions and practical preparations for vigorously promoting data sharing.In the process of data sharing,the risk prevention principle should be fully considered and established,including establishing a series of measures to balance legal protection and interest protection for different entities and situations,that is,data information typing to limit data access rights,building a unified public health data sharing platform,and continuously improving public health data sharing mechanisms.At the same time,appropriate data use policies and security measures should be formulated to ensure data privacy and security.