中国西北地区A级旅游景区时空分布格局及影响因素

Spatiotemporal distribution pattern and influencing factors of A-level tourist attractions in northwestern China

区域旅游景区合理布局是实现旅游业高质量发展的内在要求与根本保障,探究其空间格局演变及影响因素对促进区域旅游协作、经济共享及文化融合具有重要意义。基于中国西北地区2010—2020年A级旅游景区数据,采用GIS空间技术分析景区时空分布特征,从社会、经济、环境3个方面构建影响因素指标体系,并运用地理探测器厘清景区空间格局演变与影响因素的内在机理。结果表明:(1)西北地区A级旅游景区数量变化不均衡特征显著,空间上集聚分布且集聚程度逐渐增强,呈现“西北—东南”的空间分布态势,中轴线处在“吐鲁番市—酒泉市—海北藏族自治州—兰州市—宝鸡市—西安市”一线,景区空间结构经历了“分散式点状—组团式斑块状—倒L型条带状”的演变过程。(2)常住人口、人均GDP、旅游收入、通车里程和政策力度5个因子对A级旅游景区空间格局演变的影响程度较强。(3)社会因素的影响能力上升,表现为先下降、后稳步上升2个阶段;经济因素的影响能力上升,表现为周期性的上升-下降波动;环境因素的影响能力趋向于上升,但变化幅度相对稳定。

Achieving high-quality tourism development relies on the rational layout of regional tourist attractions,which serves as an inherent requirement and fundamental guarantee.This study delves into the spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors of A-level scenic spots in northwestern China from 2010 to 2020.Using GIS spatial technology,we analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of scenic spots and construct an index system that encompasses social,economic,and environmental aspects.In addition,geographic detectors are employed to elucidate the internal mechanism of spatial pattern evolution and influencing factors.The findings reveal the following:(1)A noticeable imbalance exists in the number of A-level tourist attractions in northwestern China,with an increasing spatial concentration trend along a“northwest-southeast”axis.The central axis is delineated by the“Turpan City-Jiuquan City-Haibei Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture-Lanzhou City-Baoji City-Xi’an City”line.The spatial structure of scenic spots undergoes an evolution process from“scattered point”to“grouptype patch”and ultimately to an“inverted L-shaped strip”.(2)Five influential factors,namely resident population,per capita GDP,tourism income,traffic mileage,and policy intensity,significantly shape the spatial pattern evolution of A-level tourist attractions.(3)The impact of social factors demonstrates a two-stage pattern of initial decline followed by steady increase,indicating rising influence.Economic factors exhibit periodic ups and downs in their influence,whereas environmental factors,although displaying a tendency to rise,experience a relatively stable range of change.