农业强国建设激励制度的优化逻辑与实践路径

Logic of Optimizing Incentive System of Building up China s Strength in Agriculture and Its Practical Path

激励相容是提高农业经营主体参与农业强国建设的前提条件。中国农业发展激励制度在“农业新目标提出—农业发展激励制度边际功能衰减—农业政策偏差”过程推动下不断演进,具体改革大体沿着政府和市场关系协调、激励对象确认两个思路展开。农业强国建设是中国农业发展的长期目标,农业发展激励制度需要确保所有农业经营主体在此过程中可持续地获得足够的收益,但在实践中面临着平衡多元化目标、兼顾多元化产业发展、包容多主体共存的现实挑战。农业强国建设激励制度优化的总体思路是匹配多元化农业经营主体的比较优势与农业强国建设的多元化目标,以最小化激励成本原则协调政府和市场关系,鼓励不同地区和农业经营主体自主探索在农业强国建设中的分工和增收渠道。实现这一制度变迁的实践路径是推进农业供给侧结构性改革,进一步拆分农业强国建设的目标,确保所有激励措施有效落实。

Incentive compatibility is a prerequisite for encouraging farmers in building up China s strength in agriculture.China s agricultural development incentive system has been evolving under the process of“proposing new goals for agriculture-attenuating the marginal function of agricultural development incentive system-existing agricultural policy failure”,and following reform has been generally centered on the two ideas of coordinating the relationship between the government and the market,and identifying the target of incentives.Building up China s strength in agriculture is the long-term goal of China s agricultural development,and the agricultural development incentive system needs to ensure that all agricultural subjects can obtain sufficient benefits in a sustainable manner,but it faces the challenges of balancing diversified goals,taking into account diversified industrial development,and accommodating the coexistence of multiple subjects.In this regard,the general idea of the design of the incentive system is to match the comparative advantages of diversified agricultural subjects with the diversified goals of China s strength in agriculture,to coordinate the relationship between the government and the market with the principle of minimizing incentive costs,and to encourage different regions and agricultural subjects to independently explore the division of labor and channels of income increase in building up China s strength in agriculture.The practical path to realize this institutional design is to promote the agricultural supply-side structural reform,further divide the goals of agricultural power building,and ensure the effective implementation of all incentives.