再论生产、销售假药罪中的“假药”

A Futher Study on the Counterfeit Drug in the Crime of Producing and Selling Counterfeit Drugs

伴随着“药神案”的出现,有关生产、销售假药罪的理论研究掀起了倡导“实质假药”的热潮。但时至今日,刑法及相关司法解释中并未建立起以药品功效为依据的、判断“假药”之实质标准,其根本原因在于实质标准本身的空洞性。对“实质假药”的推崇,根源于对生产、销售假药罪之基本属性与法益的认识存在的不少误区。事实上,《刑法修正案(十一)》颁布后,《药品管理法》依然是该罪无法割裂之地基。否定或模糊“地基”会引发司法实务对“假药”判断的无所适从;药品的特殊性质使实务部门难以合理判断药品是否对生命健康构成侵害。故而,形式判断是刑法认定假药的唯一可行路径,同时对假药进行形式判断与实质刑法的实现并不矛盾。对假药进行形式判断,还应注意发挥《刑法》第13条“但书”的出罪功能。

With the emerging of the“Drug God”cases,“substantive counterfeit drug”is being praised highly in the theoretic studies about the Crime of Producing and Selling Counterfeit Drugs.However,the Criminal Law and other judicial explanation never establish a substantive standard of“counterfeit drug”,which based on the drug efficacy.The root cause is the emptiness of the substantive standard.The approval of“substantive counterfeit drug”arises from some misconceptions of the fundamental property and protected legal interest of the crime of producing and selling counterfeit drugs.In reality,even after the Amendment(XI)to the Criminal Law enacted,the crime is never cut off from the Medicinal Product Administration Law.Negating this foundation will deeply baffle the judicial practice.Under the particular nature of medicine,it is difficult to judge whether a medicine is harm to life and health.Accordingly,formal judgement is the sole feasible method to identify the“counterfeit drug”.It is not contradictory to carry out the formal judgement standard and realize the substantial criminal law.Meanwhile,the formal judgement of“counterfeit drug”should be exerted with the attention of“proviso”decriminalization mechanism.