窃取虚拟财产行为定性的教义学阐释与类型化规制

Doctrinal Interpretation and Type Regulation on the Qualitative Behavior of Stealing Virtual Property

实务界和理论界关于窃取虚拟财产行为的定性众说纷纭,根源在于未划定作为理论前提的虚拟财产的讨论范围、作为盗窃罪对象“财物”的标准模糊、非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪的规范保护目的混乱以及对虚拟财产功能个性的忽视。为解决上述难题,应从虚拟财产的体系性保护角度出发,对其进行广义上的概念界定以厘定问题域,并对盗窃罪中“财物”的核心标准进行确定,分别是有交易价值、具有自然领域的物质客观实在性和受到法律保护。稀缺性、可转移性、管理可能性只能作为核心标准衍生出来的次检验标准。同时应将非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪的法益定位于“数据的控制与操作——传统信息内容安全”,以保证刑法罪名体系之间的协调与功能上的合理配置。在路径适用时,可以将虚拟财产分为账号类、游戏装备类和数字资产类,类型化地判断其是否成立盗窃罪和非法获取计算机信息系统数据罪,但也不能忽视根据虚拟财产功能特性上的不同而可能涉及到的其他相关罪名。

There are various opinions on the qualitative nature of the act of stealing virtual property in both practical and theoretical circles,rooted in the lack of a discussion scope for virtual property as a theoretical premise,the ambiguity of the standard for"property"as the object of theft,the confusion of the regulatory protection purpose for the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data,and the neglect of the functional individuality of virtual property.To solve the above problems,we should start from the perspective of systematic protection of virtual property,define its concept in a broad sense to determine the problem area,and determine the core standards of"property"in theft,which are transaction value,material objective reality with natural domain,and legal protection.Scarcity,transferability and management possibility can only be used as sub inspection standards derived from core standards.At the same time,considering the dynamic circulation function of"data"and the important interest value behind it,the legal benefit of the crime of illegally obtaining computer information system data should be located in"control and operation of data-security of traditional information content"to ensure coordination and reasonable allocation of functions between criminal law accusation systems.When the path is applicable,virtual property can be divided into account type,game equipment type,and digital asset type,and classified to determine whether it is guilty of theft and illegal acquisition of computer information system data.At the same time,other related charges that can be involved based on the different functional characteristics of virtual property cannot be ignored.