软件犯罪提供技术支持行为的单位归责路径

On Criminal Imputation to a Unit for Providing Technical Support in Software Crime

司法实践中,对于软件研发单位明知他人利用软件实施犯罪而提供技术支持的行为,通常采取从自然人归责到单位归责的传统判断路径而以单位犯罪论处。但该认定模式存在诸多问题未予解决,如正当履约行为与犯罪行为如何界分,单位合法意志向犯罪意志转化如何判断,单位因提供技术支持而取得的收益可否等同于单位违法所得,从而易致其结论存在疑问。此情形中单位犯罪能否构成的认定,应综合考虑组织体责任、刑事政策导向、打击与保护限度等因素,在刑事归责上以单位自身对软件运营是否存在合规性要求为评价基准,从形式与实质两方面对违法所得归单位所有进行双重考量,其入罪与否的判断应考虑相关司法政策要求与技术本身的中立属性。

In judicial practice,the behavior of software research and development units that provide technical support while knowing that others use software to commit crimes is usually treated as unit crime through the traditional judgment method.That is,the criminal responsibility of unit is recognized through the criminal responsibility of natural person.But there are many problems with this identification model that have not been solved.How to distinguish between legitimate performance of a contract and criminal behavior,how to judge the conversion of legal unit will to criminal will,and whether the income obtained by the unit from providing technical support is equal to the illegal income of the unit.All these problems are controversial,and resulting in the identification of unit crime questionable.In determining whether unit crime can be constituted in this situation,factors such as organizational responsibility,criminal policy orientation,limit of punishment and protection should be considered comprehensively.In terms of criminal imputation,the evaluation benchmark is whether the unit itself has compliance requirements for software operation.Double consideration on Illegal income belongs to the unit should be taken from the aspects of form and substance.The judgment of whether a unit is guilty or not should consider the relevant judicial policy requirements and the neutral attribute of technology.