从物质生产到价值生产:中西部农村老年人以地养老的转化逻辑

From Material to Value Creation:The Transformation Logic of the Elderly Population in Central and Western Rural China

在社会转型的背景下,以地养老是中西部农村老年人自主养老的主要模式。文章建立“土地效用一年龄分层一劳动性质”的分析框架并将老年人区分为低龄与中高龄两类。研究发现,以地养老对低龄老年人而言,在其老年生命历程中体现为以责任为主的“代际中的农民”的行为逻辑,实现的是“物质生产型”劳动;对中高龄老年人而言,则匹配了以生活为主的“偏个体化的农民”的行为逻辑,实现的是“价值生产型”劳动。中西部农村老年人以地养老的劳动性质在不同老年阶段从物质生产向价值生产转化,这不仅帮助老年人形成长期的自养能力应对老年风险,还有助于构建完善的综合养老保障体系、良好的村社自养格局与和谐的代际关系。坚持从物质生产向价值生产的劳动性质转化,为中西部农村老年人以地养老提供了一个可行的思路。

In the context of societal changes,the predominant form of elderly self-support in rural regions of central and western China hinges on land-based care.This study introduces a"land use-age stratification-labor nature"framework,categorizing the elderly into lower and middle-to-high age brackets.It reveals that lower-age elderly engage in land-based care as "in-tergenerational farmers,"with a focus on responsibility and"material production."Conversely,older elders operate as"partially individualized farmers,"emphasizing personal living standards and engaging in"value production"labor.This transition from material to value production in varying stages of old age not only fosters long-term self-reliance to mitigate the risks associated with aging but also aids in the development of a robust eldercare system,self-sufficient village communities,and harmonious in-tergenerational relations.Embracing this labor transformation offers a viable model for the elderly in these rural areas to maintain self-sufficiency through land use.