分析临床微生物检验和各种细菌对不同药物的耐药性检测情况

Analysis of Clinical Microbiological Examination and Resistance Testing of Various Bacteria to Different Drugs

目的通过对不同微生物进行检验,并检测各种细菌对不同药物的耐药性,目的在于分析临床上的合理用药情况。方法收集2021年1月至2022年10月我院各个科室采集的480例细菌样本(对应得到480株的致病菌),之后进行相关的药敏操作及试验(主要依据的方法涉及纸片琼脂扩散法并结合稀释法等)。将收集所得的480例细菌样本对应的480株致病菌株的菌种组成、分布情况、常见致病细菌对各类抗菌药物的耐药性进行统一的分析、整理,为临床上的不合理用药情况进行指导作用。结果据统计,2021年1月至2022年10月所收集的480株致病菌株中,103株为革兰阳性球菌,377株为革兰阴性杆菌;480株致病菌株中,肺炎克雷伯菌、大肠埃希菌的占比较高,58株的金黄色葡萄球菌对青霉素G的耐药性为87.93%,其次为氨苄西林、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星;85株的铜绿假单胞菌的耐药性依次为头孢他啶的32.94%、左氧氟沙星的31.76%、环丙沙星的30.59%;105株的大肠埃希菌对氨苄西林的耐药性为81.90%;57株的鲍曼不动杆菌对不同药物的耐药性高低依次为环丙沙星、头孢他啶、左氧氟沙星;130株的肺炎克雷伯菌对氨苄西林的耐药性为100.00%。结论临床上抗生素的滥用现象较为普遍,此类情况已导致细菌的耐药性呈现出持续升高的趋势,通过微生物分布及耐药性情况的检验能够为抗菌药物的合理使用提供指导作用,减少感染现象,进而有利于提升患者的用药安全性,改善其预后。

Objectives To analyze the rational use of drugs in clinical practice by testing different microorganisms and detecting the drug resistance of various bacteria to different drugs.Methods A total of 480 bacterial samples(corresponding to 480 strains of pathogenic bacteria)were collected from various departments in our hospital from January 2021 to October 2022,with which relevant drug sensitivity operations and tests were carried out(the main method involved disk agar diffusion method combined with dilution method).The bacterial composition,distribution of 480 pathogenic strains corresponding to 480 bacterial samples collected,and the drug resistance of common pathogenic bacteria to various antibiotics were analyzed and sorted,so as to guide the clinical irrational drug use.Results According to statistics,among the 480 pathogenic bacteria strains collected from January 2021 to October 2022,103 strains were gram-positive cocci and 377 strains were gram-negative bacilli,among which Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli accounted for a relatively high proportion.The resistance rate of 58 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to penicillin G was 87.93%,followed by ampicillin,levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin.The drug resistance of 85 strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 32.94%of ceftazidime,31.76%of levofloxacin and 30.59%of ciprofloxacin.The resistance rate of 105 strains of Escherichia coli to ampicillin was 81.90%.The resistance of 57 strains of Acinetobacter baumannii to different drugs was ciprofloxacin,ceftazidime,levofloxacin.The resistance of 130 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae to ampicillin was 100.00%.Conclusions The abuse of antibiotics is common in clinic,which has led to the rising trend of bacterial drug resistance.The examination of microbial distribution and drug resistance can provide guidance for the rational use of antibiotics,reduce infection,and thus help to improve the safety of medication and improve the prognosis of patients.