天下:一个汉语哲学的案例

Tianxia: A Case for Philosophy of Chinese Language

关于天下的讨论是汉语哲学的一个很好的案例。全球正义问题是当代哲学研究的一个核心问题,世界主义和民族主义是讨论该问题的两种最主要的理论模型。世界主义聚焦个体作为全球正义的主体,强调民族和国家不具有分配上的规范性,民族身份和国界的偶然性不足以辩护我们对同胞的特殊责任。民族主义强调民族国家身份的规范性,而分配正义所要求的强制性只能在国界之内实现。天下作为全球正义的第三种模型,具有爱有差等和天下大同的规范性,可以在民族国家的共同体之间实现天下大同。

The discussion of Tianxia is a good case for the philosophy of Chinese language. Global justice is a key issue of contemporary philosophy. Cosmopolitanism and nationalism are the two main models for this issue. Cosmopolitanism focuses on individuals as the agents of global justice, insists on the irrelevance of nation or state to the distribution issue, and argues for the insufficiency of national identity or borders to justify our special national obligations. In contrast, nationalism insists on the normative nature of national identity and argues for the necessity of national borders related to the coercive nature of distributive justice. This paper argues that Tianxia is the third model of global justice. It insists on the normative nature of moral partiality and the great unity of all under heaven, which can be materialized within the community of nation-states.