数据产权“双阶二元结构”的证成与建构

The Justification and Construction of"Bi-level Dual Structure"on Data Property Right

当前围绕数据产权“三权分置”制度的法律构建形成了“所有权范式”、“权利束范式”和“治理范式”三种代表性观点。但该三种范式未能妥善平衡数据安全与效率之间的价值冲突,数据来源者、数据生产者和数据使用者之间的利益冲突也未能得到妥善安排,因而均难成为指导具有中国特色的数据产权“三权分置”构建的基础理论。立足我国既有的“产权分置”理论和制度资源,数据产权“三权分置”的构建应当在数据来源者与数据生产者、数据生产者与数据使用者之间,以数据生产者的数据持有权为枢纽,向前向后分别构建数据来源者权和数据使用权以及相应的权利关系结构,从而在数据归属与利用两大阶段渐次形成“数据来源者权+数据持有权”和“数据持有权+数据使用权”的“双阶二元结构”。

Currently,three main views have been formed about the legal construction of the"tripartite entitlement system on data property rights",including the"ownership paradigm",the"bundle of rights paradigm"and the"governance paradigm",Nevertheless,the value conflicts between safety and efficiency cannot be resolved appropriately through these three paradigms,which also seems incapable of dealing the conflict of interests among data sources,producers and users.Therefore,those three views cannot become the guiding theory in the construction of the"tripartite entitlement system on data property rights"with Chinese characteristics.In light of current Chinese theory and institutional resources on"tripartite entitlement system",the tripartite entitlement system on data property rights'must be constructed among data sources,producers and users.In tripartite entitlement system on data property rights,the right of data producers should be taken as a hinge while the rights of data resources and users as well as corresponding relational structure should be constructed accordingly.Hence,in the two stages of attributing and using data,the"bi-level dual structure"gradually formed two right systemthe"right of data resources plus ownership"and"right of data ownership and users".