唤起华侨的民族主义与辛亥革命时期“国民”的塑造

Awakening the Overseas Chinese Nationalism and Shaping of"Nationals"during the Xinhai Revolution

辛亥革命时期,改良派和革命派都现身海外,对华侨进行民族主义启蒙,塑造华侨的“国民”身份意识,使之成为能承担救亡之责的“国民”。其间,改良派和革命派虽有君宪国民与共和国民之争,且在国民塑造路径上有所不同,但都竭力向华侨灌输民权意识和国家思想,使华侨知其国为国民之国,而非君主之国。进而,改良派和革命派都强调,华侨应积极报国,做国家之国民,以求“总体之自由”。在改良派和革命派的动员下,华侨以新形成的国民自觉性参与中国的政治变革,成为中国政治转型的一支重要力量。这一针对华侨群体的国民塑造,是近代中国民族主义政治诉求引发的必然结果。

During the Xinhai Revolution,both royalists and revolutionaries were dedicated to enlightening the sense of nationalism of overseas Chinese,awakening and shaping their sense of identity,in order to make them"nationals"bearing the responsibility of salvation.During this period,although the royalists and revolutionaries had disputes over the types of the notion of the nation,and had different approaches to shape the nation,they both tried their best to instill the sense of civil rights and state ideology in the overseas Chinese,so that the overseas Chinese knew that China belongs to the nation.Furthermore,both the royalists and the revolutionaries emphasized that overseas Chinese should serve China and belong to the nation of China in order to seek"general freedom".Under the mobilization of the royalists and revolutionaries,the overseas Chinese participated in the practice of political reform in China with newly formed national self-consciousness and became a part of the nation.This kind of shaping of nationals is the inevitable result of the political demands of modern Chinese nationalism.