作为文明事业的国家与民族:吴文藻民族学思想探微

Nation and Minzu as Civilization Undertakings An Exploration of Wu Wenzao's Ethnological Thought

文章从20世纪20年代围绕国家主义概念的争论入手,在细致分析吴文藻关于民族和国家问题研究的文本的基础上,指出吴文藻主张将民族和国家都看作现代性的文明事业。他反对将种族和血统看作民族的基础,也反对通过政治来界定民族,更不接受将国家看作单纯基于暴力的主权单位,而是认为在知识分子集团的努力之下,一种以国际主义为前提的国家主义和一种以文明为目标的民族主义的建设,才是思考和解决中国问题的方向。吴文藻的思考以及燕京学派在民族学上的努力为我们提供了一种基于国际视野的中国民族学的思想基础。最后,文章指出,现代国家与民族概念都有着极为深厚的基督教背景,对这一背景的反思才是推进中国当前统一多民族国家建设的恰当起点。

This paper delves into the debates surrounding the concept of nationalism in the 1920s.It begins by closely examining Wu Wenzao's research on issues related to the Minzu and nation.The paper asserts that Wu Wenzao advocated the view that both the Minzu and nation are civilization undertakings of modernity.He opposed the idea of ethnicity and bloodline as the foundation of Minzu and rejected the notion of defining Minzu through politics,and did not accept the idea of the nation as a sovereign unit based solely on violence.Instead,he believed that,with the efforts of intellectual groups,the construction of a form of nationalism based on internationalism and a form of nationalism focused on civilization should be the direction for addressing and solving the problems of China.Wu Wenzao's thoughts,along with the endeavors of the Yanjing School in the field of Minzu studies,provide a solid theoretical foundation for China's ethnology from an international perspective.In conclusion,the paper points out that modern concepts of the nation and Minzu have deep roots in Christianity.Reflecting on this background is the appropriate starting point for advancing the construction of a unified multi-ethnic State in present-day China.