超越边界:巴特的田野际遇与人类学知识生产

Beyond Boundary:Fredrik Barth's Field Encounter and Anthropological Knowledge Production

在中文学界,巴特因其族群边界研究而广为人知,但巴特在人类学思想史上的贡献远超于此。巴特一生寄情田野,始终保持对经验世界的好奇,从当地人的思想、行为出发,追寻事实之后的义理呈现。其研究涉及生态、政治、经济、种族、仪式和宇宙观、复杂文明和知识传统等领域,其多元多样研究的背后却保持着稳定的智识基础,即,对具体的人的关怀,从不同处境中的人的感受、思想、关系与实践出发,理解社会结构与历史过程,将田野工作与人类学知识生产真切结合起来。因此,本文意图通过辨识、反思巴特的田野际遇、理论思想与知识形成,重启识人辨世的人类学知识之旅,进而回归一般意义的说理论证与智识追求,以应对当下新生现象转瞬即逝、人类学知识生产碎片化的困境与挑战。

In Chinese Academics,Fredrik Barth is well known for his study on ethnic boundaries,but the significance of Barth in the history of anthropological theory goes far beyond that.Barthes devoted his life to fieldwork,always keeping the curiosity of the empirical world,and exploring the meaning after facts through the ideas and practices of local people.His research included ecology,politics,economics,ethnicity,ritual and cosmology,complex civilizations,and tradition of knowledge.There is a stable intellectuality behind Barth's various research,that is,an attempt to understand the social structure and historical process from the feelings,thoughts,and practices of people in different situations.Therefore,this paper intends to rethink the production of knowledge in different ways and in a general sense as well by following the journey of anthropological knowledge of Barth,in order to respond to the dilemma and challenge of the fragmentation of anthropological knowledge in the changeable world nowadays.