钟敬文的人民文化观及其学术实践

Zhong Jingwen's View of People's Culture andHis Academic Practice

钟敬文先生毕生从事民间文学与民俗学研究,是充满人民情怀的学者。人民文化观是指以人民为主体的文化认知。钟敬文人民文化观的形成具有历史的渐进过程,他对于人民文化的认知,经历了同情、学术体认、颂扬与融入等若干阶段。他受惠于“五四”启蒙运动,感受了大革命的精神,较早接触了包括马克思主义在内的西方社会学、人类学理论,经历了抗日战争的洗礼,见证了中华人民共和国的成立,他更加自觉地学习马克思主义相关理论。20世纪80年代以后,他的人民文化观进入成熟阶段。他理解的人民包含全体的社会成员,当然他主要关心的是普通民众,其文化观的基质是人民性。钟敬文人民文化观有三大思想来源:传统的民本思想、现代民主思想和马克思主义唯物史观。这三者在钟敬文文化观形成中的影响有先有后,有轻有重,最终构成了钟敬文人民文化观的思想图景。

Zhong Jingwen has been engaged in the study of folk literature and folklore all his life,and he is a scholar full of people's feelings.People's culture refers to the people-oriented cultural perception.The formation of Zhong Jingwen's concept of people's culture has a historical gradual process,and his perception of people's culture has gone through stages of sympathy,academic understanding,and celebration and integration.He benefited from the May Fourth Enlightenment and felt the spirit of the Revolution.He came into contact with Western sociological and anthropological theories,including Marxism,at an early stage,and experienced the baptism of the Anti-Japanese War and witnessed the founding of the People's Republic of China.He became more conscious of studying Marxism-related theories.After the 1980s,his concept of people's culture entered a mature stage.The people as he understood them encompassed all members of society,but of course his main concern was with the general public,and the basis of his cultural outlook was peoplehood.Zhong Jingwen's concept of people's culture has three major ideological sources:traditional people-oriented thought,modern democratic thought and the Marxist concept of materialistic history.These three parts of the theory have different degrees of influence in the formation of Zhong Jingwen's concept of culture,but together they ultimately constitute Zhong Jingwen's concept of people's culture.