欧洲强化共同体意识的历史教训

The Historical Lessons of Strenthening Community Awareness in Europe

欧洲历史上先后出现过中世纪“基督教共同体”、民族国家和欧洲共同体三种形式的共同体,它们都程度不等地具有经济共同体、政治共同体和文化共同体的属性。但是,欧洲真正成功地全面强化“共同体意识”的只有民族国家。20世纪80年代“新自由主义”改革后,欧洲国家在强化共同体意识方面受到“多元文化主义”政治正确的严重冲击,各国普遍面临族群矛盾增加、排外主义抬头的挑战。欧洲在强化共同体意识方面最重要的历史教训是其“多权力中心”的政治结构不利于形成强大的共同体意识,强调“多元”优于“一体”就很难得到“多元一体”的结果。

In European history,there have been three forms of communities:the medieval“Christian community”,the nation-state,and the European community,all of which have attributes as economic,political and cultural communities to varying degrees.But it is only the nation-state that has succeeded in fully strengthening the“sense of community”in Europe.After the“neoliberal”reform in the 1980s,European countries were severely affected by the political correctness of“multiculturalism”in strengthening the sense of community,and countries generally faced challenges such as increased ethnic conflicts and the rise of xenophobia.The most important historical lesson of Europe in strengthening the sense of community is that its“multi-power center”political structure is not conducive to forming a strong sense of community,and it is difficult to achieve the result of“unity in diversity”when“diversity”is emphasized over“unity”.