美国艾滋病“海地来源论”的历史演进与污名效应

The Historical Evolution of the"Haitian Origin Theory"of AIDS in the United States and its Stigmatization Effect

在艾滋病发现之初,美国将海地人划为艾滋病高危人群之一,艾滋病“海地来源论”在美国社会中甚嚣尘上。其实,美国历史中将疾病与外来人群相关联的例证并非少数。美国社会艾滋病“海地来源论”的出现,本质上是美国白人种族主义在现代社会中的具象化表现。此外,在美国与海地关系的历史长线中,海地无论从政治还是经济都长期处于从属地位。这使得海地在以西方为主导的医学疾病认知体系中话语缺失,并且几乎无力应对由此而来的冲击。疫病之下,美国艾滋病“海地来源论”将海地人污名化的同时,也给海地经济造成了一定冲击,进一步加剧了海地的贫困和政局动荡。

At the beginning of the discovery of AIDS,the United States classified Haitians as one of the high-risk groups of HIV/AIDS,and the“Haitian origin theory”of AIDS was very loud in American society.In fact,there are many examples in American history that link disease to immigrant groups.The emergence of the“Haitian origin theory”of AIDS in American society is essentially the embodiment of white racism in modern American society.Moreover,in the long history of US-Haiti relationship,Haiti has long been subject to political and economic subordination,which has left Haiti voiceless in the Western-dominated system of medical disease cognition and almost powerless to cope with the result of onslaught.Under the pandemic,the“Haitian origin theory”of AIDS in the United States not only stigmatized Haitians,but also caused a certain impact on the Haitian economy,further aggravating poverty and political instability in Haiti.