3.5GHz手机射频辐射对小鼠睾丸结构和精子发生的影响

Effects of 3.5 GHz mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on testicular structure and spermatogenesis in mice

目的 探讨3.5 GHz手机射频辐射对小鼠睾丸结构和精子发生的影响。方法 将24只健康成年雄性C57BL/6小鼠分成Sham组和3.5 GHz组。每组12只,全身暴露于3.5 GHz(5 G通信常用频段之一)手机射频辐射中,每天1 h,连续暴露35 d后通过检测附睾尾中成熟精子的数量、畸形率、凋亡率和存活率评估精子质量的变化;苏木精-伊红(HE)染色观察小鼠睾丸组织形态;伊文思蓝荧光显色检测血睾屏障(通透性变化);蛋白免疫印迹实验检测血睾屏障紧密连接相关蛋白(ZO-1和Occludin)和支持细胞分泌因子(SCF和GDNF)的水平,酶联免疫吸附实验测定血清中下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴分泌的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、睾酮(T)和黄体生成素(LH)的含量。结果 与Sham组相比,手机射频辐射暴露组小鼠血清中FSH和LH含量显著升高,T和GnRH显著降低,但小鼠精子数量、畸形率、存活率等精子质量相关指标无明显变化;睾丸组织结构、BTB完整性和支持细胞分泌功能也无明显改变。结论 3.5 GHz RFR连续暴露35 d(每天1 h)对小鼠睾丸结构和精子发生无明显影响,但可导致血清中性激素水平发生紊乱。

Objective To investigate the effects of 3.5 GHz mobile phone radiofrequency radiation on testicular structure and spermatogenesis in mice.Method 24 healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice were divided into a Sham group and a 3.5 GHz group,with 12 mice in each group.They were exposed to 3.5 GHz(one of the frequency bands commonly used for 5G communication)radio frequency radiation for 1 hour per day for 35 consecutive days.Changes in sperm quality are evaluated by detecting the number,deformity rate,apoptosis rate,and survival rate of mature sperm in the epididymis tail.Mouse testicular tissue morphology is observed using hematoxylin eosin(HE)staining.Evans blue fluorescence staining was used to detect changes in the permeability of the Blood Testis Barrier(BTB).Western blot assay was used to detect the levels of tight junction related proteins(ZO-1 and Occludin)and supporting cell secretion factors(SCF and CDNF)in the blood-testis barrier.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was used to determine the levels of gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH),follicle stimulating hormone(FSH),testosterone(T),and luteinizing hormone(LH)secreted by the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis in serum.Result Compared with the Sham group,the radiofrequency radiation exposure group has significantly increased levels of FSH and LH in the serum of mice,while its T and GnRH were significantly reduced.However,there were no significant changes in sperm quality related indicators such as sperm quantity,deformity rate,survival rate,and testicular tissue structure,BTB integrity,and the secretion function of supporting cells.Conclusion Exposure of 3.5 CHz RFR for 35 consecutive days has no significant effect on the structure of mouse testes and spermatogenesis,but it can lead to the disorder of serum sex hormone levels.