东海县农田土壤养分状况与肥力评价

Nutrient Status and Fertility Evaluation of Farmland Soil in Donghai County

明确江苏省东海县全县农田土壤养分状况,为合理利用、培肥耕地与提高农作物生产水平提供依据。采集东海县11个镇、6个乡和2个街道耕层0~20 cm的土样,测定土壤容重、pH值、有机质含量等14项土壤理化性质指标来表征土壤养分状况,计算土壤肥力综合指数,进行土壤肥力质量等级评价。结果表明,东海县农田土壤整体偏紧实,大部分农田土壤pH值适宜农作物生长,但部分土壤有酸化趋势。东海县农田土壤单项肥力指标的丰缺程度差异较大,整体上看,有机质、全氮、速效钾、有效硫、有效铁、有效锰、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼含量高或较高,有效磷、有效硅含量处于中等水平,有效钼含量相对较低。总体而言,东海县农田土壤养分状况良好,达到2级及以上水平。建议东海县农田土壤在种植作物前一次性补施磷10.83~62.84 kg/hm^(2)、硅110.13~239.10 kg/hm^(2)、锌0.75~4.02 kg/hm^(2)、硼1.43~3.30 kg/hm^(2)、钼0.22~0.32 kg/hm^(2)。其中,石梁河镇和石湖乡锌肥充足不需要补充,驼峰乡和李埝乡锌肥和硼肥均不需要补充,各乡镇结合区域特征进行适当调整。作物种植后期,东海县农田土壤应依据肥力变化继续优化施肥结构,以便更好地发挥土壤生产潜力。

To clarify the status of farmland soil nutrient in Donghai County of Jiangsu Province,and to provide a basis for rational utilization,improvement of cultivated land and improvement of crop production level,the 0—20 cm soil samples were collected from 11 towns,6 townships and 2 subdistricts in Donghai County,and 14 soil physicochemical indexes such as soil bulk density,pH value and the content of organic matter were measured to characterize the soil nutrient status.The integrated soil fertility index was calculated,and the soil fertility quality grade was evaluated.The results showed that the farmland soil in Donghai County was generally compact,and most of the farmland soil pH value was suitable for the growth of crops,but some soils had an acidification trend.The abundance and deficiency of single fertility indexes of farmland soil in Donghai County were quite different.On the whole,the contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,available potassium,available sulfur,available iron,available manganese,available copper,available zinc and available boron were high or higher,the content of available phosphorus and available silicon were at medium level,and the content of available molybdenum was relatively lower.In general,the farmland soil nutrient status in Donghai County was in good condition,reaching the second level and above.It is suggested that 10.83—62.84 kg/ha phosphorus,110.13—239.10 kg/ha silicon,0.75—4.02 kg/ha zinc,1.43—3.30 kg/ha boron and 0.22—0.32 kg/ha molybdenum should be applied to farmland soil in Donghai County before planting crops.Among them,Shilianghe Town and Shihu Township do not need supplement zinc fertilizer for sufficience.Zinc fertilizer and boron fertilizer in Tuofeng Township and Linian Township do not need supplement.Each township should adjust appropriately according to the regional characteristics.In the later stage of crop planting,the farmland soil in Donghai County should continue to optimize the fertilization structure according to the change of fertility,so as to better play the potential of soil production.