科学建设国家公园:进展、挑战与机遇

Building China′s national park systems scientifically:challenges and opportunities

国家公园是全球最重要的自然保护地类型,在保护生物多样性与自然资源,支撑生物圈的可持续性中发挥着不可替代的作用。中国是全球生物多样性最为丰富的国家之一,保护生物多样性,推进国家公园建设,是促进人与自然和谐共生、建设生态文明的重要任务。自2013年提出建立国家公园体制以来,我国国家公园在空间布局规划、自然资源管理、生态保护修复、矛盾调处、民生改善等方面取得了重要进展,生命科学、生态学、地理学等领域的相关研究在国家公园规划与建设管理中发挥了重要的科技支撑作用。然而,我国国家公园建设尚处于探索阶段,在自然资源保护、管理体制机制、生物多样性监测、社区发展等方面仍面临诸多挑战。研究在分析总结我国国家公园建设进展的基础上,分析探讨了国家公园建设面临的主要问题与挑战,从国家公园建设与管理的科学基础研究、国家公园监测技术研究,以及国家公园管理措施与政策研究三个方面探讨了为高质量建设国家公园科技需求。

National parks are the most important type of protected areas globally,which plays an irreplaceable role in protecting biodiversity and natural resources,and supports the sustainability of the biosphere.China is one of the“mega-countries of biodiversity”in the world.“Protecting biodiversity and promoting national parks construction”is an important task for promoting the harmonious coexistence between human and nature,and builds ecological civilization.Since the proposal to establish a national park system in 2013,China′s national parks have made important progresses in spatial layout planning,natural resource management,ecological conservation and restoration,and improving people′s livehood.Related studies in life sciences,ecology,geography,and other fields have played an important role in providing scientific and technological support for national park planning and construction management.However,China′s national park construction is still in its early stage,and faces many challenges in protecting natural resources,managing institutional mechanisms,monitoring biodiversity,and local community development.Based on the analysis of the progresses of national park construction in China,this paper discusses the main issues and challenges facing national park construction,and the requirements for high-quality national park construction.