青藏高原国家公园群县域应急救援能力评价及综合提升路径

Evaluation and comprehensive improvement path of county⁃level emergency rescue capacity in Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster

采用时间成本可达性、最大覆盖率下可达性、成本距离和移动两步搜寻法等方法评估青藏高原国家公园群县域应急救援设施的应急救援能力,结合GIS叠加分析和统计分析方法分析青藏高原国家公园群县域应急救援能力综合提升路径。结果表明:(1)青藏高原国家公园群县域消防设施数量严重不足,东密西疏,供小于求;警务设施省际差异显著,人均拥有量不足;应急避难场所建设空间失衡,避难场所设施落后。(2)青藏高原国家公园群县域消防设施整体时间可达性较差,呈四周高、中间低的盆地型空间分布特征;警务设施空间可达性普遍较差,尚难以满足国家公园群应急救援需求。(3)健全消防设施布局体系,优化警务设施空间配置,均衡避难场所空间布局成为青藏高原国家公园群应急救援能力的主要提升路径。

Methods such as time cost accessibility,accessibility under maximum coverage,cost distance and mobile two⁃step search method were adopted to assess the emergency rescue capacity of counties in the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster.Combined with GIS overlay analysis and statistical analysis methods,the comprehensive improvement path of county⁃level emergency rescue capacity in Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster was constructed.The results show that:(1)The number of firefighting facilities in Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster at county level was seriously inadequate,with the supply being dense in the east and sparse in the west.There were significant inter⁃provincial differences in police facilities,and the per capita ownership was insufficient.The construction of emergency shelters was imbalance in space,and the shelters was outdated.(2)The overall time accessibility of firefighting facilities in Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster at county level was poor,with a basin⁃type spatial distribution characterized by high in surrounding area and low in middle area.The spatial accessibility of police facilities was generally poor,which were still unable to meet the emergency rescue needs of National Park Cluster.(3)Improving the layout system of firefighting facilities,optimizing the spatial allocation of police facilities,and balancing the spatial distribution of shelters have become the main paths to improve the emergency rescue capacity of the Qinghai⁃Tibet Plateau National Park Cluster.