车辆阻塞对隧道火灾中人员疏散的影响分析

Analysis of the Influence of Vehicle Congestion on Tunnel Fire Evacuation

为了研究火源上游阻塞车辆对隧道火灾人员疏散的影响,采用FDS建立隧道全尺寸数值模型,选取2种纵向风速和3种常见车型,通过改变隧道纵向通风风速和火源上游车道阻塞车型组合,研究不同风速与阻塞车型组合条件下隧道温度和能见度的分布规律。试验结果表明:隧道车道阻塞相同种类车型时,随着阻塞车型的增大,隧道温度逐渐增加,能见度逐渐降低;纵向风速的增加和阻塞车型的增大均会导致隧道2 m高度处超过60℃的范围增加;隧道两侧车道同时阻塞大型车的可用安全疏散时间为343 s,与隧道无阻塞时的可用安全疏散时间498 s相比减小了31%,对人员疏散危险性最大。

In order to study the influence of blocked vehicles upstream of the fire source on tunnel fire evacuation,FDS is used to establish a full-scale numerical model of the tunnel,and two longitudinal wind speeds and three common vehicle types are selected.By changing the combination of tunnel longitudinal ventilation wind speed and the blocked vehicles on the lane of upstream of fire source,the distribution law of tunnel temperature and visibility under different combination conditions of wind speed and blocked vehicle are studied.The experimental results show that when the same type of vehicle is blocked in the tunnel lane,the tunnel temperature gradually increases and the visibility gradually decreases with the increase of the blocked vehicle model.The increase of longitudinal wind speed and the increase of blocking vehicle will lead to the increase of the range of more than 60℃at the height of 2 m.The available safe evacuation time of large vehicles blocked on both sides of the tunnel is 343 s,which is reduced by 31%compared with the available safe evacuation time of 498 s when the tunnel is not blocked,which is the most dangerous for personnel evacuation.