基于PSR模型的鄱阳湖渔业生境健康综合评价

Ecological health comprehensive assessment of fishery habitat in Poyang Lake based on PSR model

评估鄱阳湖渔业生境状况对于鄱阳湖渔业资源保护和渔业可持续发展有重要意义。应用压力-状态-响应(PSR)模型,通过构建渔业生境评价指标体系,结合层次分析法和熵权法的主客观赋权法确定各指标权重,并基于1980—2019年现场调查和历史数据对各时间段的鄱阳湖渔业生境赋分,进而评价鄱阳湖渔业生境的健康状况。结果显示,1980—2019年间鄱阳湖渔业生境发生退化,综合得分为1980—1989年(75.35)>1990—1999年(72.08)>2000—2009年(68.83)>2010—2019年(58.57),1980—2009年间渔业生境健康得分持续下降,水平由良好下降为一般,直至2010年开始有一定改善,恢复为良好状态。不同时段的生境指数和变化驱动因素分析表明,影响鄱阳湖渔业生境健康的主要因素是人类活动、生物因素与生态建设因素。结合评价结果,从管理制度、政策执法、生物保护等方面给出了治理建议,为鄱阳湖渔业生境保护和科学管理提供依据。

Assessing the fishery habitat status of Poyang Lake is of great significance for the conservation of fishery resources and sustainable fishery development of Poyang Lake.Based on the pressure-state-response(PSR)model,a fishery habitat evaluation index system,which includes several comprehensive indicators,was onstructed,and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP)and Entropy method was applied to determine the weight of each indicator.The health of Poyang Lake fishery habitat from 1980 to 2019 was evaluated.The results demonstrate that the status of Poyang Lake fishery habitat health was generally deteriorating,and the fishery habitat is degrading.The comprehensive score also showed the 1980—1989(75.35)>1990—1999(72.08)>2000—2009(68.83)>2010—2019(58.57).Under threat from multiple factors,the fishery habitat health condition denigrated from good condition(1980s,1990s)to average condition(2000s).After that,the condition returned to good level in 2010s.Based on the evaluation results,the habitat index analysis was conducted for different time periods and the driving factors of habitat changes.The major factors,which affect the stability of Poyang Lake fishery habitat health,were intensity of human activities,biological diversity,and ecological construction.Some countermeasures which about management policy,law-enforcement and biological protection were put forward in this research to adapt for protecting fishery healthy habitat of Poyang Lake.