碳化硅陶瓷膜的制备及其应用进展

Progress in preparations and applications of silicon carbide ceramic membranes

碳化硅陶瓷膜具有耐高温、抗热震、耐腐蚀、高通量、使用寿命长等优势,是环境污染治理领域中的关键材料。如何制备面向应用过程的高性能碳化硅陶瓷膜已经成为目前的研究热点。本综述介绍了碳化硅陶瓷膜的成膜方法,包括浸渍提拉法、喷涂法、化学气相沉积法及相转化法。此外,阐明了各方法的成型机理、影响因素及优缺点等,概述了碳化硅膜烧结技术的机理、特点及研究现状,包括重结晶技术、前体转化技术、原位反应烧结技术及新型烧结技术,其中重点描述了共烧技术的实际应用价值及挑战,利于明晰碳化硅陶瓷膜性能与制备工艺的关系。并阐明了碳化硅陶瓷膜在高温烟气净化、油水分离、气体分离领域中的应用现状及前景,最后对碳化硅陶瓷膜工业化应用潜力作出展望。

Silicon carbide ceramic membranes have the advantages of high-temperature resistance,thermal shock resistance,corrosion resistance,high flux,long service life and so on,which are key materials in the field of environmental pollution control.How to prepare high-performance silicon carbide ceramic membranes for application-oriented processes has become a current research hot spot.In this review,the forming methods of silicon carbide ceramic membranes are introduced,including dip-coating method,spraying method,chemical vapor deposition method and phase inversion method.In addition,the molding mechanism,influencing factors,advantages and disadvantages of each method are elucidated.The mechanism,characteristics and research status of silicon carbide membranes sintering technology are summarized,including recrystallization technology,precursor conversion technology,in-situ reaction sintering technology and new sintering technology with emphasis on the practical application value and challenges of co-sintering technology.It is beneficial to clarify the relationship between the properties of silicon carbide ceramic membranes and the preparation process.The application status and prospect of silicon carbide ceramic membranes in high temperature flue gas purification,oil-water separation and gas separation are expounded.Finally,the industrial application potential of silicon carbide ceramic membranes is prospected.