民国时期国术教育的推行与困境

Implementation and Dilemmas of National Martial Arts Education in the Republican Period

20世纪初,“国术”一词逐渐出现于舆论之中。南京国民政府时期,民族危机加重,在有识之士的倡导和政府的推行下,自上而下的国术运动很快就风靡各省。然而,国术教育在推广过程中,屡屡受到时人批评,与当时的环境难以适应。在社会层面,国术过度依赖官方的宣传,难以在民众中造成影响。在学校层面,国术教育虽有一定进展,但在与体育教学结合的过程之中,显现出诸多不适。梳理国术推行中的复杂面向,探究民国国术教育的困境,对于理解传统武术在近代化的进程中何以自处或将有所助益。

At the beginning of the 20th century,the term"National Martial Arts"gradually appeared in public opinions.During the period of the Nanjing Republican Government,the national crisis was aggravated.Under the advocacy of educated people and the promotion of the government,a top-down National Martial Arts Movement swept all the provinces quickly.However,in the process of national martial arts promotion,it was difficult for the martial arts education to adapt to the environment of the time,and was repeatedly criticized by people of the time.At the social level,the National Martial Arts Movement relied heavily on official propaganda,making it difficult to be accepted by the general public.At the school level,although some progress was achieved in its national education,Martial Arts encountered many difficulties in its combination with physical education.Analyzing the complex situation of implementing the National Martial Arts Movement and exploring the dilemmas of national Martial Arts education in the Republic of China would be conducive to its process of modernization.