如何将设计嵌入本科工程教育——以美国哈维穆德学院、史蒂文斯理工学院为例

How to Embed Design in Undergraduate Engineering Education-Taking Harvey Mudd College and Stevens Institute of Technology as Examples

“设计”在工程学习和实践中的作用越发凸显,设计能力正逐渐成为工程创新的关键部分。文章聚焦美国哈维穆德学院和史蒂文斯理工学院两个典型案例,从培养方案、课程体系、支撑条件三个维度总结其模块化嵌入的实践特色,系统梳理将设计嵌入本科工程教育的经验做法。研究发现,哈维穆德学院、史蒂文斯理工学院以设计流为主线,以集成式课程群为辅线,通过工程设计课程和项目活动的模块化设计,实现了工科人才系统化、结构化知识的获取。借鉴国外成功经验,文章从课程体系、教学模式、支撑机制三个方面出发,为我国卓越工程师培养提供政策建议。

“Design”plays an increasingly prominent role in engineering learning and practice,and design ability is gradually becoming a key part of engineering innovation.Focusing on two typical cases of Harvey Mudd College and Stevens Institute of Technology in the United States,this paper summarizes the practical characteristics of modular embeddedness from three dimensions of training program,curriculum system and supporting conditions,and systematically reviews the experience of designing embeddedness in undergraduate engineering education system.The study found that Harvey Mudd College and Stevens Institute of Technology have achieved systematic and structured knowledge acquisition for engineering talents through the modular design of engineering design courses and project activities by using the design stream as the primary path and integrated course clusters as the supporting path.Drawing on successful foreign experiences,this paper provides policy suggestions for the cultivation of excellent engineers in China from three aspects:curriculum system,teaching mode and support mechanism.