从常规性专长到适应性专长:面向复杂工程问题的工程人才培养

From Routine Expertise to Adaptive Expertise:Training Engineering Talents for Complex Engineering Problems

文章在综合适应性专长的知识观、认知观、能力观内涵的基础上,结合工程情境的特殊性,提出工程适应性专长的内涵,即在应对新的复杂工程问题时,拥有特定领域专业知识的工程师充分理解新情境的特殊性,并将已有的知识、技能、经验灵活应用于开发独特而有效的新型解决方案的能力。同时进一步结合工程知识体模型,从程序性知识、概念性知识、分析能力、知识迁移、元认知、目标与信念、自主创新、情绪管理八大维度对工程适应性专长的结构开展系统性探索,以期为我国推动面向未来的工程教育变革提供借鉴。

This article proposes the definition of engineering adaptive expertise based on the integrated perspectives of knowledge,cognition,and competence.It refers to the ability to fully understand the uniqueness of the new context and flexibly apply existing knowledge,skills,and experience to develop distinctive and effective novel solutions.Furthermore,in conjunction with the engineering knowledge body model,the article conducts a systematic exploration of the structure of engineering adaptability expertise across eight dimensions:procedural knowledge,conceptual knowledge,analytical abilities,knowledge transfer,metacognition,goals and beliefs,autonomous innovation,and emotional management.The aim is to provide insights into China’s efforts in promoting future-oriented reforms in engineering education.