VHF定向天线参数设计及其在桥梁主动防船撞领域的应用

Parametric Design of VHF Directional Antenna and Its Application in theField of Active Bridge Collision Prevention

VHF无线通信是船只水上安全通航时通信体系的重要组成部分,其设备是桥梁主动防船撞系统中重要的响应装置。若采用全向VHF天线方案时,水域内一旦发生船只误闯警戒线时,所有通信范围内的船只都会接收到警戒广播,在船只密集的水域易造成公共频道拥塞,严重影响通行效率。针对全向VHF天线存在的上述问题,设计了一种用于主动防船撞领域的VHF设备定向天线,仅对危险来源水域进行定向选呼告警,尽可能减少对其他水域船只的通信干扰,在实现告警信息及时传达的同时,降低公共频道的占用,保障其他安全航行船只的通信与通行效率。采用仿真和现场实测相结合的方式,研究和验证VHF定向天线在桥梁主动防船撞领域可行性。结果表明:1) VHF定向技术可作为防船撞系统重要的通信手段;2)八木天线具有良好的信号增益;3)八木天线具有理想的方向特性。

VHF wireless communication is an important component of the communication system for safe navigation of ships on water,and its equipment is an important response device in the bridge active anti-collision system.If the omnidirectional VHF antenna scheme is adopted,once a ship mistakenly violates the warning line in the water,all ships within the communication range will receive the warning broadcast,which is easy to cause public channel congestion in the water area with dense ships,which seriously affects the traffic efficiency.In view of the above-mentioned problems of omnidirectional antennas,a directional antenna of VHF equipment used in the field of active anti-ship collision was designed,which only carried out directional call and alarm for the water area of the source of danger,so as to reduce the communication interference of ships in other waters as much as possible,reduce the occupation of public channels while realizing the timely transmission of alarm information,and ensure the communication and passage efficiency of other safe navigation vessels.Using the combination of simulation and field measurement,the feasiblity of VHF directional antenna on bridge active bridge collision prevention is studied and verified.The results show that VHF directional technology can be used as an important communication means for ship collision prevention system.Yagi antenna has good signal gain and ideal directional characteristics.