应急管理新体制下京津冀地震巨灾应急协同机制关键问题研究

Key Problems and Solutions of Earthquake Emergency Coordination in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region under New Emergency Management System

地震巨灾应急协同机制对于提升地震巨灾应急能力、保障震后救灾秩序具有重要意义。应急管理新体制在一定程度上解决了之前应急协同主体多、成本高的问题,提高了应对复杂多变巨灾事件的能力,但仍在跨区域应急的指挥权归属、深度协同、应急协同研究的技术支撑等方面存在不足。本文在诠释地震巨灾应急协同机制内涵的基础上,以京津冀区域为例,剖析新体制下京津冀三地由于地域空间临近性、生命线工程依存性、经济发展一体性所共同面临的地震巨灾应急协同需求,梳理京津冀地震应急协同机制构建中上述三个关键性问题并提出解决思路,重点强调并展示了情景构建方法“风险-情景-任务-需求-协同”研究框架对化解关键性问题的重要性,可有效克服以往依靠部门间磨合缓慢提升协调和救援效果的弊端,提升未来地震巨灾应急管理工作效果,提高国家防灾减灾综合能力水平。

The earthquake disaster emergency coordination mechanism is of great significance for improving the earthquake disaster emergency response capacity and ensuring post-earthquake disaster relief in good order.The new emergency management system has solved the problems of multiple emergency coordination entities and high costs to a certain extent,and improved the ability to respond to complex and volatile catastrophic events.However,there are still shortcomings in the ownership of command power,deep coordination,and technical support for emergency coordination research in cross regional emergencies.Based on the concept of earthquake disaster emergency coordination mechanism,in this paper we take the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region as an example to analyze the demand of earthquake disaster emergency coordination faced by the three regions under the new system due to their geographical proximity,lifeline engineering dependency,and economic development integration trend.We select above three key issues affecting the construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei earthquake emergency coordination mechanism and proposes solutions.We emphasize the importance of the“risk-scenario-task-demand-collaboration”research framework in scenario construction method for resolving key issues,which can effectively overcome the shortcomings of relying on interdepartmental coordination to slowly improve coordination and rescue effectiveness in the past.The proposed solutions in this paper can improve the effectiveness of future earthquake and catastrophe emergency management,and improve the comprehensive capacity of national disaster prevention and mitigation.