间作模式对幼龄菠萝蜜果园土壤养分和微生物群落的影响

Effects of intercropping patterns on soil nutrients and microbial community in young jackfruit orchard

为探明不同间作模式对幼龄菠萝蜜园土壤养分和土壤微生物的影响规律,选取菠萝蜜单作和菠萝蜜间作南瓜、平托花生、硬皮豆4种种植模式下的根际土壤样本,测定土壤养分以及对根际土壤微生物群落进行16S rRNA V4-V5区检测,并与试验区间作前的基础土壤进行对比分析。结果表明:3种间作模式较间作前均显著提高了土壤有机碳、全氮、速效氮、全磷、全钾含量,较单作模式均显著提高了土壤全氮、速效氮和全钾含量,土壤pH值均高于单作模式,间作硬皮豆效果最佳;4种种植模式的细菌优势门类群分别是酸杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门和绿弯菌门等,间作均提高了根瘤菌属相对丰度,降低了酸杆菌门、放线菌门、绿弯菌门相对丰度;酸杆菌门与速效磷含量呈显著正相关,放线菌门与速效氮、全钾、全氮含量呈极显著或显著负相关;菠萝蜜株高增长情况表现为菠萝蜜间作硬皮豆>菠萝蜜间作南瓜>菠萝蜜间作平托花生>菠萝蜜单作。

In order to investigate the effects of different intercropping patterns on soil nutrients and soil microorganisms in young jackfruit orchard,rhizosphere soil samples were selected under four planting patterns:single jackfruit,jackfruit intercropping pumpkin,intercropping pinto peanut,and intercropping horse gram.Soil nutrients and rhizosphere microbial communities were measured in 16S rRNA V4-V5 region,and compared with the basal soil in the pre-intercropping test area.The results showed that the contents of soil organic carbon,total nitrogen,available nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in the three intercropping patterns were significantly increased compared with that before intercropping,and the contents of total nitrogen,available nitrogen and total potassium in the three intercropping modes were significantly increased compared with that of single cropping mode.The soil pH value was higher than that of single cropping mode,and the best effect was obtained by intercropping with horse gram.The dominant bacterial groups in the four cultivation modes are Acidobacteria,Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi,etc.Intercropping patterns increased the relative abundance of Rhizomicrobium,but decreased the relative abundance of Acidobacteria,Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi.Acidobacteria had significant positive correlation with available phosphorus,and Actinobacteria had significant or negative correlation with available nitrogen,total potassium and total nitrogen.The height growth of young jackfruit intercropping plant was as follows:jackfruit intercropping horse gram>jackfruit intercropping pumpkin>jackfruit intercropping pinto peanut>single jackfruit.