云南省2004-2021年学校传染病暴发疫情事件流行特征

Epidemiological characteristics on outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province,2004-2021

目的 分析2004-2021年云南省学校传染病暴发疫情事件的流行病学特征,为科学有效应对突发事件提供科学依据。方法 收集国家突发公共卫生事件信息管理系统及现场流行病学调查中云南省2004-2021年学校传染病突发公共卫生事件数据资料,采用描述性流行病学方法进行统计分析。结果 2004-2021年云南省共报告学校传染病突发公共卫生事件1 806起,报告级别主要为一般事件(90.25%),共波及人口2 183 493人,报告病例数94 643例,死亡13例;传播途径主要以呼吸道传染病为主;报告位居前3位的病种分别是水痘(588起)、流感(300起)、手足口病(267起),占总报告事件数64.0%;事件分布在全省121个县区,集中发生在3-6月和9月-次年1月,主要为水痘暴发疫情,水痘疫情持续时间为19 d。事件发生场所为托幼机构和小学最多(1 386起);疫情发现时间的中位数为7 d(4~13 d)。结论 呼吸道传染病是云南省学校传染病突发公共卫生事件的主要类型,托幼机构和小学是防控重点,及早报告并开展处置有利于控制事件扩散范围和减少危害;同时规范疫情处置工作,在疫情高峰期加强学校传染病的防治和预案演练。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2021,to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control strategies.Methods The data on outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province from 2004 to 2021 from the National Emergency Public Health Events Information Management System and on-site epidemiological surveys were collected and analyzed using descriptive epidemiology method.Results From 2004 to 2021,a total of 1806 outbreaks of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province was reported.The majority of the reports were of general events(90.25%),affecting 2183493 people with reported cases numbering 94643 and 13 deaths.The main modes of transmission were respiratory infectious diseases.The top three reported diseases were chickenpox(588),influenza(300)and hand-foot-and-mouth disease(267),accounting for 64.0%of the total reported events.The events were distributed in 121 counties and districts throughout the province,concentrated in March–June and September–January of the following year.The main outbreaks were of chickenpox,with an average duration of 19 days.Most public health emergencies(1386)occurred in kindergartens and primary schools,and the median time to discover the outbreak was 7 days(ranging from 4 to 13 days).Conclusions Respiratory infectious diseases are the main type of outbreak of infectious diseases in schools in Yunnan Province.Kindergartens and primary schools are the focus of prevention and control.Early reporting and effective handling will help control the spread of events and reduce hazards.At the same time,the prevention and control of school infectious diseases and the emergency drill of the plan during peak periods need to be particularly strengthened.