异型阴极炭块与平底型阴极炭块的结构性能对比研究

Comparative Study on Structure and Performance of Shaped Cathode Carbon Blocks and Flatbottomed Cathode Carbon Blocks

针对国内某电解铝厂用异型阴极炭块出现的开裂现象,以异型阴极炭块为研究对象,平底型阴极炭块作为对比对象,结合材料力学基本原理和公式,对阴极炭块中间截面惯性矩和最大允许集中力进行建模计算。通过建立阴极炭块三维有限元分析模型,按实际约束情况加载,对阴极炭块中间截面的应力和变形进行模拟分析,得出应力和变形的分布规律。结果表明:相对异型阴极炭块,平底型阴极炭块X轴惯性矩增大48%,Y轴惯性矩增大16%,最大允许集中力增大31%,最大应力值约降低52%,为阴极炭块的设计和选型提供了理论依据。

In response to the observed cracking issues in special-shaped cathode carbon blocks used in a domestic aluminum smelting plant,this study aims to investigate these blocks and compare them with flatbottomed cathode carbon blocks.By applying principles and formulas of material mechanics,the moment of inertia and maximum allowable concentrated force in the middle section of the cathode carbon block were analyzed through modeling and calculations.A three-dimensional finite element analysis model was developed to simulate and analyze the stress and deformation in the middle section of the cathode carbon block,considering actual constraints.The distribution patterns of stress and deformation were determined.The results indicate that,compared to the shaped cathode carbon block,the flatbottomed cathode carbon block showed a 48%increase in Xaxis moment of inertia,a 16%increase in Yaxis moment of inertia,a 31%increase in maximum allowable concentrated force,and a reduction in maximum stress value of approximately 52%.These findings provide a theoretical basis for the design and selection of cathode carbon blocks.