山定子与寒富苹果杂交F_(1)代群体果实内在品质的遗传研究

Studies on fruit internal characteristics inheritance trends in F_(1) generation of Malus baccata and‘Hanfu’apple

对以3个类型山定子为母本、以寒富苹果为父本的3个杂交后代群体共162株实生树的果实性状进行了调查,研究不同杂交组合果实内在品质性状的遗传规律。结果表明:可溶性固形物含量遗传表现为多基因控制的数量性状,后代群体理论值符合正态或偏正态分布;果实综合品质与果肉颜色相关联,淡黄色和黄色果肉综合品质较好;果实甜、酸、涩性状遗传相对独立,可滴定酸含量由一对主效基因和加性多基因共同控制,主基因隐性纯合体表现为酸含量低,显性纯合体和杂合体受加性多基因影响有极酸含量和酸含量2种表现;果肉肉质遗传表现为多基因控制的数量性状,F_(1)代群体肉质变粗;果肉质地、果汁多少、果心大小均表现为趋中变异。在高寒地区培育苹果品种应采用少组合、大群体的育种策略,每个组合至少应有5 000株杂种苗供选择。

By investigate traits of 162 trees that grow directly from seeds(these trees come from 3 hybrid combinations with MalusbaccataבHanfu’apple),analyzing the inheritance trends of internal quality characteristics in F_(1) generation of Malusbaccataand‘Hanfu’apple.The results showed that the soluble solids content of F_(1) generation were quantitative characters controlled by many minor genes and expressed additive and non-additive effect.The inheritance trends of soluble solids fitted normal or skewed normal distribution.The fruit quality is correlation with the fruit flesh color,the fruit quality of light yellow or yellow were better than other.The inheritance trends of sweetness,acidity and astringent is relatively independent.The fruit acidity appears to be jointly governed by a pair of main genes and additive polygenes.Be affected by additive polygene,the homozygote dominant and heterozygote of the major gene show high-acid or sub-acid phenotypes respectively.And homozygous recessive of the major gene manifested as low-acid phenotype.The fruit flesh texture of F_(1) generation is quantitative characters controlled by many minor genes.The flesh coarseness trended to coarse in F_(1) populations.The inheritance of fruit juice,fruit texture and fruit core size trended to inter-mediate.The breeding strategy of“less combination and larger group”should be used in breeding research of cultivate apples in cold climate zones,and the population size of F_(1) generation no less than 5000 plants.