种植桂蕉9号不同类型种苗对植株生长、产量及枯萎病发病率的影响

Effects of planting different types of seedlings of‘Guijiao 9’on plant growth,yield and incidence of Fusarium wilt

通过在香蕉枯萎病重病区种植抗枯萎病香蕉品种桂蕉9号不同类型种苗并结合施用复合微生物菌肥,研究其对植株生长、产量及香蕉枯萎病发病率的影响,为桂蕉9号的大规模推广应用奠定理论基础。结果表明:种植桂蕉9号不同类型种苗对植株抽蕾时的假茎高度、假茎基围以及采收时的单穗重和第3梳果指数的影响差异不显著,但对植株采收时间和香蕉枯萎病发病率的影响差异显著;种植吸芽苗的采收时间比二级组培大苗早26 d左右,种植二级组培大苗的采收时间比二级组培小苗早32 d左右;种植吸芽苗的香蕉枯萎病发病率最低,其次为二级组培大苗,种植二级组培小苗的香蕉枯萎病发病率最高;施用复合微生物菌肥只影响香蕉枯萎病发病率,与不施用菌肥的植株相比,种植二级组培小苗、二级组培大苗、吸芽苗的香蕉枯萎病发病率分别下降14.79%、21.73%、25.10%,且三者之间差异显著。因生产上用吸芽苗进行种植比较麻烦,为缩短抗枯萎病香蕉品种生育期、降低其枯萎病发病率,建议种植二级组培大苗并配合施用复合微生物菌肥。

In order to lay a theoretical foundation for the large-scale popularization and application of Fusarium wilt-resistant banana variety‘Guijiao 9’,the effects of compound microbial fertilizer on plant growth,yield and incidence of banana Fusarium wilt were studied by combining different types of seedlings of‘Guijiao 9’in banana Fusarium wilt disease area.The results showed that planting different types of seedlings of‘Guijiao 9’had no significant effects on pseudostem height,pseudostem girth at 30 cm height,bunch weight and the third fruit index,but had significant effects on plant harvest time and Fusarium wilt incidence.The harvest time of sucking bud seedlings was about 26 days earlier than that of the elder secondary tissue culture seedlings,and that of the elder secondary tissue culture seedlings was about 32 days earlier than that of the younger secondary tissue culture seedlings.Banana Fusarium wilt incidence of sucking bud seedlings was the lowest,followed by the elder secondary tissue culture seedlings,and the incidence of Fusarium wilt of the younger secondary tissue culture seedlings was the highest.The application of compound microbial fertilizer only affected the incidence of plant Fusarium wilt.Compared with the plants without bacterial fertilizer treatment,the incidence of banana Fusarium wilt of the younger secondary tissue culture seedlings,the elder secondary tissue culture seedlings and sucking bud seedlings decreased by 14.79%,21.73%and 25.10%,respectively,and the difference among them was significant.In order to shorten the growth period of Fusarium wilt-resistant banana varieties and reduce the incidence of Fusarium wilt,it is suggested to plant the elder secondary tissue culture seedlings and apply microbial fertilizer.